{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:25:32Z","timestamp":1791296732780,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]],"date-time":"2014-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Project Program of the Indian Council of Medical Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Regulation of macrophage PCD plays an important role in pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. However, the precise involvement of any parasite molecule in this process remains uncertain. In the current study, in silico wide analysis demonstrated that genes in the Leishmania donovani genome are highly enriched for CpG motifs, with sequence frequency of 8.7%. Here, we show that unmethylated species-specific CpG motifs in LdDNA significantly (P = 0.01) delay macrophage PCD by endosomal interaction with TLR9 via the adaptor protein MyD88. Importantly, LdDNA triggered high levels of luciferase activity (P = 0.001) under NF-\u03baB-dependent transcription in HEK-TLR9 cells. Furthermore, the activation of caspases in macrophages was inhibited (P = 0.001) in the presence of LdDNA. Notably, the delay of PCD was mediated by modulation of the antiapoptotic proteins, Mcl-1 and Bfl-1, and impairment of loss of \u0394\u03c8m in macrophages through the neutralization of oxidative and nitrosative stress. The inhibition of caspase activation and up-regulation of Mcl-1 by LdDNA were TLR9 dependent. Analysis of the targets of LdDNA identified an early activation of the TLR9-dependent PI3K\/Akt and SFK pathways, which were required for the observation of the antiapoptotic effects in macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrate that LdDNA modulates the TLR9\u2013I\u03baB-\u03b1 pathway by promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of TLR9 and the TLR9-mediated recruitment of Syk kinase. The results have identified a novel, TLR9-dependent antiapoptotic function of LdDNA, which will provide new opportunities for discovering and evaluating molecular targets for drug and vaccine designing against VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4a0713-378rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T02:10:22Z","timestamp":1417659022000},"page":"363-378","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Unmethylated CpG motifs in the <i>L. donovani<\/i> DNA regulate TLR9-dependent delay of programmed cell death in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Sushmita","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All-India Institute of Medical Sciences , Patna , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Patna , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhaskar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Cell Science , Pune , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbial Technology , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Patna , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023013012465476200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/35037710","article-title":"The biochemistry of apoptosis","volume":"407","author":"Hengartner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/35037734","article-title":"Apoptosis in development","volume":"407","author":"Meier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1006\/scbi.1995.0002","article-title":"Cell death in health and disease: the biology and regulation of apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"Bellamy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1276","article-title":"Resolution of inflammation: the beginning programs the end","volume":"6","author":"Serhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1833375100","article-title":"Bacterial pathogens modulate an apoptosis differentiation program in human neutrophils","volume":"100","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1994.tb00882.x","article-title":"From AIDS to parasite infection: pathogen-mediated subversion of programmed cell death as a mechanism for immune dysregulation","volume":"142","author":"Ameisen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.3.1739-1746.1997","article-title":"Regulation of apoptosis by viral gene products","volume":"71","author":"Teodoro","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.4.2016","article-title":"Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains evade apoptosis of infected alveolar macrophages","volume":"164","author":"Keane","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.5522","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells through induction of IL-10","volume":"164","author":"Geng","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270945","article-title":"Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Gu\u00e9rin infection prevents apoptosis of resting human monocytes","volume":"27","author":"Kremer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(03)00075-1","article-title":"Neutrophil granulocytes\u2014Trojan horses for Leishmania major and other intracellular microbes?","volume":"11","author":"Laskay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPT.0000031448.64969.fa","article-title":"Modulation of phagocyte apoptosis by bacterial pathogens","volume":"9","author":"DeLeo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/35021228","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response","volume":"406","author":"Aderem","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00013-4","article-title":"Mammalian Toll-like receptors","volume":"15","author":"Akira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073163","article-title":"Macrophage apoptosis by anthrax lethal factor through p38 MAP kinase inhibition","volume":"297","author":"Park","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02405","article-title":"The protein kinase PKR is required for macrophage apoptosis after activation of Toll-like receptor 4","volume":"428","author":"Hsu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/672395","article-title":"DAMPening inflammation by modulating TLR signalling","volume":"2010","author":"Piccinini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60790-7","article-title":"Bacterial CpG DNA activates immune cells to signal infectious danger","volume":"73","author":"Wagner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.10.5268","article-title":"Selective roles for Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in the regulation of neutrophil activation and life span","volume":"170","author":"Sabroe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3633","article-title":"Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by TLR agonists in whole blood: involvement of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase\/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, leading to increased levels of Mcl-1, A1, and phosphorylated Bad","volume":"174","author":"Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1038\/35047123","article-title":"A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA","volume":"408","author":"Hemmi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1028","article-title":"TLR9 signals after translocating from the ER to CpG DNA in the lysosome","volume":"5","author":"Latz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064842","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects","volume":"20","author":"Krieg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200207)32:7<1958::AID-IMMU1958>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments","volume":"32","author":"Ahmad-Nejad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2048fje","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA delay apoptosis of neutrophil granulocytes","volume":"18","author":"J\u00f3zsef","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.6.3515","article-title":"Cutting edge: TLR9 and TLR2 signaling together account for MyD88-dependent control of parasitemia in Trypanosoma cruzi infection","volume":"177","author":"Bafica","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608745104","article-title":"Malaria hemozoin is immunologically inert but radically enhances innate responses by presenting malaria DNA to Toll-like receptor 9","volume":"104","author":"Parroche","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1978","article-title":"Protozoan encounters with Tolllike receptor signalling pathways: implications for host parasitism","volume":"6","author":"Gazzinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3430","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003430","article-title":"Signaling flux redistribution at Toll-like receptor pathway junctions","volume":"3","author":"Selvarajoo","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4148","article-title":"Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophages","volume":"88","author":"Weinstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.3.1017","article-title":"Hck tyrosine kinase activity modulates tumor necrosis factor production by murine macrophages","volume":"178","author":"English","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.371","article-title":"Leukocyte protein tyrosine kinases: potential targets for drug discovery","volume":"15","author":"Bolen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13809","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M311434200","article-title":"Role of vav1- and src-related tyrosine kinases in macrophage activation by CpG DNA","volume":"279","author":"Stovall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6521","article-title":"Cutting edge: neutrophil granulocyte serves as a vector for Leishmania entry into macrophages","volume":"173","author":"van Zandbergen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.2.898","article-title":"Inhibition of the spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophil granulocytes by the intracellular parasite","volume":"169","author":"Aga","year":"2002","journal-title":"Leishmania major. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.826-835.2002","article-title":"Intracellular survival of Leishmania major in neutrophil granulocytes after uptake in the absence of heat-labile serum factors","volume":"70","author":"Laufs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B37","first-page":"637","article-title":"Macrophages as destructive cells in host defense","author":"Adams","year":"1992","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.2930","article-title":"Intracellular infection by Leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis","volume":"152","author":"Moore","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1001877","article-title":"Leishmania major-mediated prevention of programmed cell death induction in infected macrophages is associated with the repression of mitochondrial release of cytochrome c","volume":"76","author":"Akarid","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2011.80","article-title":"TGF-\u03b21 reprograms TLR4 signaling in L. donovani infection: enhancement of SHP-1 and ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20","volume":"90","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks220","article-title":"Combination of paromomycin and miltefosine promotes TLR4-dependent induction of antileishmanial immune response in vitro","volume":"67","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00170.x","article-title":"The invasion-associated type III secretion system of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is necessary for intracellular proliferation and vacuole biogenesis in epithelial cells","volume":"4","author":"Steele-Mortimer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1038\/374546a0","article-title":"CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation","volume":"374","author":"Krieg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.3.1386","article-title":"TLR9-dependent activation of dendritic cells by DNA from Leishmania major favors Th1 cell development and the resolution of lesions","volume":"182","author":"Abou Fakher","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)47429-2","article-title":"Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase, inhibits acidification and protein degradation in lysosomes of cultured cells","volume":"266","author":"Yoshimori","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00232a015","article-title":"J-Aggregate formation of a carbocyanine as a quantitative fluorescent indicator of membrane potential","volume":"30","author":"Reers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00279-09","article-title":"Mcl-1 integrates the opposing actions of signaling pathways that mediate survival and apoptosis","volume":"29","author":"Morel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508058","article-title":"CpG-induced tyrosine phosphorylation occurs via a TLR9-independent mechanism and is required for cytokine secretion","volume":"172","author":"Sanjuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90150-3","article-title":"Macrophage activation revisited","volume":"15","author":"Celada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600843103","article-title":"Leishmania disease development depends on the presence of apoptotic promastigotes in the virulent inoculum","volume":"103","author":"Van Zandbergen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7121","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.7121-7129.2001","article-title":"Characterization of antiapoptotic activities of Chlamydia pneumoniae in human cells","volume":"69","author":"Fischer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11194.x","article-title":"Bacterial anti-apoptotic activities","volume":"211","author":"Hacker","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.1.342-351.2000","article-title":"In vitro Brucella suis infection prevents the programmed cell death of human monocytic cells","volume":"68","author":"Gross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4656","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.072292699","article-title":"Bartonella-associated endothelial proliferation depends on inhibition of apoptosis","volume":"99","author":"Kirby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.5.2636","article-title":"Pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis evades apoptosis of host macrophages by release of TNF-R2, resulting in inactivation of TNF-\u03b1","volume":"161","author":"Balcewicz-Sablinska","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.8.4646","article-title":"NF-\u03ba B-dependent inhibition of apoptosis is essential for host cellsurvival during Rickettsia rickettsii infection","volume":"95","author":"Clifton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.2.940-946.2006","article-title":"Activation of Toll-like receptor 9 by DNA from different bacterial species","volume":"74","author":"Dalpke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.01.013","article-title":"The DNA sugar backbone 2\u2019 deoxyribose determines Toll-like receptor 9 activation","volume":"28","author":"Haas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2828(03)00118-4","article-title":"Mitochondria-assisted cell suicide: a license to kill","volume":"35","author":"Regula","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2006.09.030","article-title":"Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as signaling molecules regulating neutrophil function","volume":"42","author":"Fialkow","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00257.x","article-title":"Neisserial PorB is translocated to the mitochondria of HeLa cells infected with Neisseria meningitidis and protects cells from apoptosis","volume":"5","author":"Massari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc883","article-title":"The Bcl2 family: regulators of the cellular life-or-death switch","volume":"2","author":"Cory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-002-0435-5","article-title":"Overexpression of Bax sensitizes human pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents","volume":"49","author":"Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.8.2749-2761.2003","article-title":"NF-kappa B-dependent assembly of an enhanceosome-like complex on the promoter region of apoptosis inhibitor Bfl-1\/A1","volume":"23","author":"Edelstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3560473","article-title":"Distinct roles for extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the regulation of Mcl-1 synthesis","volume":"356","author":"Schubert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/ni825","article-title":"PI3K-mediated negative feedback regulation of IL-12 production in DCs","volume":"3","author":"Fukao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8093","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.12.8093","article-title":"ERK-dependent Bim modulation downstream of the 4-1BB-TRAF1 signaling axis is a critical mediator of CD8 T cell survival in vivo","volume":"180","author":"Sabbagh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(03)00139-X","article-title":"PI3K and negative regulation of TLR signaling","volume":"24","author":"Fukao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81883-8","article-title":"PI3K: downstream AKTion blocks apoptosis","volume":"88","author":"Franke","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.4.613","article-title":"Salmonella-induced apoptosis of infected macrophages results in presentation of a bacteria-encoded antigen after uptake by bystander dendritic cells","volume":"191","author":"Yrlid","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2023013012465476200_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1038\/nm906","article-title":"Apoptosis facilitates antigen presentation to T lymphocytes through MHC-I and CD1 in tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Schaible","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Leukocyte Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1189%2Fjlb.4A0713-378RR","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/97\/2\/363\/48537997\/jlb0363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article-pdf\/97\/2\/363\/48537997\/jlb0363.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T13:35:33Z","timestamp":1677504933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jleukbio\/article\/97\/2\/363\/6974951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.4a0713-378rr","relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-5400","1938-3673"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-5400","type":"print"},{"value":"1938-3673","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]}}}