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We found that TP induced reciprocal representations of Foxp3+ Tregs and Mtb phosphoantigen-specific V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells in different anatomic compartments. Patients with TP exhibited appreciable numbers of \u201cproliferating\u201d Ki-67+ V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells in the airway where Foxp3+ Tregs were not dominant, whereas striking increases in Foxp3+ Tregs in the blood and pleural compartments coincided with low frequencies of V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells. Interestingly, anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy control of Mtb infection in patients with TP reversed reciprocal representations of Foxp3+ Tregs and proliferating V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells. Surprisingly, despite high-level Foxp3+ Tregs, TP appeared to drive overreactive responses of IFN-\u03b3-producing V\u03b32V\u03b42, CD4+CD25+, and CD8+CD25+ T effector subpopulations, whereas IL-22-producing V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells increased subtly. Th1 effector responses were sustained despite remarkable declines in Foxp3+ Tregs at 1 mo after the treatment. Overreactive T effector responses of Mtb-reactive \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, \u03b1\u03b2 CD25+CD4+, and CD25+CD8+ T cell subpopulations appear to be immune features for TP. Increased Foxp3+ Tregs might be responsive to overreactive TP but unable to influence T effector responses despite having an inverse relation with proliferating V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4a0814-398rr","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T02:05:30Z","timestamp":1436407530000},"page":"851-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tuberculous pleurisy drives marked effector responses of \u03b3\u03b4, CD4+, and CD8+ T cell subpopulations in humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Jincheng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine , Dongguan , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College , Dongguan 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USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lailong","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dongguan Hospital for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Chronic Disease , Dongguan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junfa","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine , Dongguan , China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical College , Dongguan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zheng W","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois , USA"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , 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