{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:59:56Z","timestamp":1793746796281,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM44118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM44118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM098391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM098391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Patients with protracted sepsis develop impaired immunity, which predisposes them to acquiring secondary infections. One of the most common and lethal secondary infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Immunoadjuvant therapy is a promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression and improve morbidity and mortality from secondary infections. Interleukin-7 is an immunoadjuvant that improves survival in clinically relevant animal models of polymicrobial peritonitis and in fungal sepsis. This study investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) on survival in a 2-hit model of sublethal cecal ligation and puncture followed by P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Potential immunologic mechanisms responsible for the rhIL-7 putative beneficial effect were also examined, focusing on IL-17, IL-22, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1, cytokines that are critical in the control of sepsis and pulmonary Pseudomonas infections. Results showed that rhIL-7 was highly effective in preventing P. aeruginosa\u2013induced death, i.e., 92% survival in rhIL-7\u2013treated mice versus 56% survival in control mice. rhIL-7 increased absolute numbers of immune effector cells in lung and spleen and ameliorated the sepsis-induced loss of lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). rhIL-7 also significantly increased IL-17\u2013, IFN-\u03b3\u2013, and TNF-\u03b1\u2013producing lung ILCs and CD8 T cells as well as IFN-\u03b3\u2013 and TNF-\u03b1\u2013producing splenic T cell subsets and ILCs. Furthermore, rhIL-7 enhanced NF-\u03baB and STAT3 signaling in lungs during sepsis and pneumonia. Given the high mortality associated with secondary P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the ability of rhIL-7 to improve immunity and increase survival in multiple animal models of sepsis, and the remarkable safety profile of rhIL-7, clinical trials with rhIL-7 should be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4a1215-581r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,15]],"date-time":"2016-09-15T03:18:36Z","timestamp":1473909516000},"page":"543-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Interleukin 7 immunotherapy improves host immunity and survival in a two-hit model of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Shindo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja G","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Eitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Defense DPU, Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Unsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey-Ann D","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Morre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Revimmune, Inc. , Bethesda, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant V","family":"Bochicchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S","family":"Hotchkiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Medicine, Surgery, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011712055727200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000194535.82812.BA","article-title":"The effect of age on the development and outcome of adult sepsis","volume":"34","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit. 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