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Infections, such as those seen following outbreaks of avian IAV, are associated with hyperinflammatory responses and the development of fatal disease. There is a continual threat that a novel or pandemic IAV will circulate in humans with high rates of mortality. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein, class 2 transcription activator of the MHC, heterokaryon incompatibility, telomerase-associated protein 1, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an innate immune sensor that has been shown to be critical for the secretion of the potent proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1\u03b2 and IL-18, as well as chemokine production and cellular inflammation in vivo following IAV infection. Initial studies illustrated a protective role of NLRP3 during severe IAV infection in mice. However, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a hero that turns villain in the later stages of severe IAV infection via the promotion of a hyperinflammatory state. Current treatments for patients who present to hospitals with a severe IAV infection are limited. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the induction of NLRP3-dependent inflammation during severe IAV infections may provide new therapeutic targets that reduce human mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4mr0616-288r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,6]],"date-time":"2016-10-06T02:50:13Z","timestamp":1475722213000},"page":"863-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Hero turned villain: NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation during influenza A virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"James D H","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Mansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle D","family":"Tate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011712063950500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1353\/bhm.2002.0022","article-title":"Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 \u201cSpanish\u201d influenza pandemic","volume":"76","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. 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