{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800119,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We have studied using traveltimes of P- and S-waves and initial seismic-pulse rise-time measurements from natural microearthquakes to derive 3D P-wave velocity VP information (mostly structural) as well as P- and S-wave velocity VP\/VS and P-wave quality factor QP information (mostly lithologic) in a known hydrocarbon field in southern Albania. During a 12-month monitoring period, 1860 microearthquakes were located at a 50-station seismic network and were used to obtain the above parameters. The data set included earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from \u20130.1 to 3.0 R (Richter scale) and focal depths typically occurring between 2 and 10 km. Kohonen neural networks were implemented to facilitate the lithological classification of the passive seismic tomography (PST) results. The obtained results, which agreed with data from nearby wells, helped delineate the structure of the reservoir. Two subregions of the investigated area, one corresponding to an oil field and one to a gas field, were correlated with the PST results. This experiment showed that PST is a powerful new geophysical technique for exploring regions that present seismic penetration problems, difficult topographies, and complicated geologies, such as thrust-belt regions. The method is economical and environmentally friendly, and it can be used to investigate very large regions for the optimal design of planned 2D or 3D conventional geophysical surveys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3560016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]],"date-time":"2011-05-06T18:20:52Z","timestamp":1304706052000},"page":"B89-B112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["High-resolution passive seismic tomography for 3D velocity, Poisson's ratio \u03bd, and P-wave quality\n                    <i>Q<\/i>\n                    P in the Delvina hydrocarbon field, southern Albania"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"G-Akis","family":"Tselentis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras, Seismological Laboratory 1 , Patras, Greece . E-mail: tselenti@upatras.gr ; paris@upatras.gr ; lois@upatras.gr ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Martakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LandTech Enterprises 2 , Athens, Greece . E-mail: nmartakis@landtechsa.com ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paraskevas","family":"Paraskevopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras, Seismological Laboratory 1 , Patras, Greece . E-mail: tselenti@upatras.gr ; paris@upatras.gr ; lois@upatras.gr ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Lois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Patras, Seismological Laboratory 3 Formerly , Patras, Greece ; presently , Athens, Greece . E-mail: lois@landtechsa.com ."},{"name":"LandTech Enterprises 3 Formerly , Patras, Greece ; presently , Athens, Greece . E-mail: lois@landtechsa.com ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010911544221800_B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contribution a l'\u00e9tude g\u00e9ologique de la Gr\u00e9ce septentrional: Les confins de l'\u00e9pire et de la Thessalie","volume":"10","author":"Aubouin","year":"1959","journal-title":"Annales g\u00e9ologique des pays h\u00e9ll\u00e9niques"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.2113\/gssgfbull.S7-XII.6.1060","article-title":"Essai sur la geologie des Dinarides","volume":"12","author":"Aubouin","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9ologique de France"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2004.06.013","article-title":"The self-organizing map, the Geo-SOM, and relevant variants for geosciences","volume":"31","author":"Bacao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1029\/JB087iB05p03885","article-title":"Attenuation of explosion generated pulse in rock masses","volume":"87","author":"Blair","year":"1982","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B5","article-title":"Acoustics of porous media","author":"Bourbie","year":"1987"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1441933","article-title":"Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks","volume":"50","author":"Castagna","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B7","first-page":"135","article-title":"Rock physics \u2014 The link between rock properties and AVO response","author":"Castagna","year":"1993","journal-title":"Offset-dependent reflectivity \u2014 Theory and practice of AVO analysis: SEG"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-3004(01)00067-X","article-title":"Identification of lithofacies using Kohonen self-organizing maps","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B9","first-page":"2248","article-title":"Vp and Vp\/Vs images in the Mw 6.0 Colfiorito fault region (central Italy): A contribution to the understanding of seismotectonic and seismogenic processes: Journal of Geophysical Research B","volume":"108","author":"Chiarabba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Solid Earth"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7205","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB06p07205","article-title":"P-wave attenuation of the Yellowstone caldera from three-dimensional inversion of spectral decay using explosion source seismic data","volume":"94","author":"Clawson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1979.4766909","article-title":"A cluster separation measure","volume":"1","author":"Davies","year":"1979","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B07308","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JB002577","article-title":"Source and QP parameters from pulse width inversion of microearthquake data in southeastern Sicily, Italy","volume":"109","author":"de Lorenzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research"},{"key":"2026010911544221800_B13","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Intrinsic Qp at Mt. 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