{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T05:55:13Z","timestamp":1769925313233,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visual inspection of poststack seismic image patterns is effective in recognizing large-scale seismic features; however, it is not effective in extracting quantitative information to visualize, detect, and map seismic features in an automatic and objective manner. Although conventional seismic attributes have significantly enhanced interpreters' ability to quantify seismic visualization and interpretation, very few attributes are published to characterize both intratrace and intertrace relationships of amplitudes from a three-dimensional (3D) perspective. These relationships are fundamental to the characterization and identification of certain geological features. Here, I present a volume texture extraction method to overcome these limitations. In a two-dimensional (2D) image domain where data samples are visualized by pixels (picture elements), a texture has been typically characterized based on a planar texel (textural element) using a gray level co-occurrence matrix. I extend the concepts to a 3D seismic domain, where reflection amplitudes are visualized by voxels (volume picture elements). By evaluating a voxel co-occurrence matrix (VCM) based on a cubic texel at each of the voxel locations, the algorithm extracts a plurality of volume textural attributes that are difficult to obtain using conventional seismic attribute extraction algorithms. Case studies indicate that the VCM texture extraction method helps visualize and detect major structural and stratigraphic features that are fundamental to robust seismic interpretation and successful hydrocarbon exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1598122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,8]],"date-time":"2003-08-08T06:42:35Z","timestamp":1060324955000},"page":"1294-1302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Volume texture extraction for 3D seismic visualization and interpretation"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Dengliang","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2217Marathon Oil Corporation, Computer-Aided Interpretation, P.O. Box 3128, Houston, Texas 77253-3128. E-mail: dgao@marathonoil.com."}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121113052358400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1437077","article-title":"3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: The coherence cube","volume":"14","author":"Bahorich","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Leading Edge"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R2","article-title":"The first-order and the second-order seismic textures","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"1999","journal-title":"AAPG Abstracts with Programs"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R3","first-page":"1037","author":"Gao"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R4","author":"Gao"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R5","volume-title":"Reservoir resolution through comprehensive use of seismic data attributes","author":"Gao"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025121113052358400_R6","volume":"62","author":"Gao","journal-title":"Offshore"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20997","DOI":"10.1029\/98JB00165","article-title":"Computer-aided interpretation of side-looking sonar images from the eastern intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with the Kane transform","volume":"103","author":"Gao","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.4309314","article-title":"Textural features for image classification","volume":"SMC-3","author":"Haralick","year":"1973","journal-title":"IEEE Tran. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444508","article-title":"Coherency calculations in the presence of structural dip","volume":"64","author":"Marfurt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7469","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB06p07469","article-title":"Digital image processing techniques for enhancement and classification of SeaMARC II side-scan sonar imagery","volume":"94","author":"Reed","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88087-2","volume-title":"Remote sensing digital image analysis","author":"Richards","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R12","first-page":"301","article-title":"Seismic stratigraphy\u2014applications to hydrocarbon exploration","volume":"26","author":"Taner","year":"1977","journal-title":"AAPG Memoir"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R13","first-page":"1104","volume-title":"Seismic attributes revisited","author":"Taner","year":"1994"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R14","first-page":"57","volume-title":"3D seismic texture classification","author":"Vinther","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1976.5408777","article-title":"A comparative study of texture measures for terrain classification","volume":"SMC-6","author":"Weszka","year":"1976","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025121113052358400_R16","first-page":"141","article-title":"Knowledge-based reasoning in seisis: A rules-based system for interpretation of seismic sections based on texture","volume-title":"Expert systems in exploration","author":"Zhang","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["Geophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/68\/4\/1294\/3196552\/gsgpy_68_4_1294.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/68\/4\/1294\/3196552\/gsgpy_68_4_1294.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T18:05:28Z","timestamp":1765476328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/geophysics\/article\/68\/4\/1294\/251979\/Volume-texture-extraction-for-3D-seismic"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/geophysics.geoscienceworld.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1190\/1.1598122","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.1598122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-2156","0016-8033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0016-8033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}}}