{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:06:19Z","timestamp":1773043579328,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Continuous crosswell seismic monitoring of a small-scale CO2 injection was accomplished with the development of a novel tubing-deployed piezoelectric borehole source. This piezotube source was deployed on the CO2 injection tubing, near the top of the saline aquifer reservoir at 1657-m depth, and allowed acquisition of crosswell recordings at 15-minute intervals during the multiday injection. The change in traveltime recorded at various depths in a nearby observation well allowed hour-by-hour monitoring of the growing CO2 plume via the induced seismic velocity change. Traveltime changes of 0.2to1.0ms (up to 8%) were observed, with no change seen at control sensors placed above the reservoir. The traveltime measurements indicate that the CO2 plume reached the top of the reservoir sand before reaching the observation well, where regular fluid sampling was occuring during the injection, thus providing information about the in situ buoyancy of CO2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2754716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,5]],"date-time":"2007-09-05T09:51:57Z","timestamp":1188985917000},"page":"A57-A61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Continuous active-source seismic monitoring of CO2 injection in a brine aquifer"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Daley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Science Division, Berkeley, California. E-mail: tmdaley@lbl.gov; rdsolbau@lbl.gov."}]},{"given":"Ray D.","family":"Solbau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Science Division, Berkeley, California. E-mail: tmdaley@lbl.gov; rdsolbau@lbl.gov."}]},{"given":"Jonathan B.","family":"Ajo-Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Formerly Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Earth Resources Laboratory; presently, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Email: jonathan.ajofranklin@gmail.com."}]},{"given":"Sally M.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Formerly Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; presently Stanford University, Stanford, California. E-mail: smbenson@stanford.edu."}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2025121115172635600_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2742496","article-title":"Applying compactness constraints to differential seismic traveltime tomography","volume":"72","author":"Ajo-Franklin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8033","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2004.03.072","article-title":"Monitoring of CO2 injected at Sleipner using time-lapse seismic data","volume":"29","author":"Arts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Energy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0360-5442","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R3","article-title":"Underground geological storage of carbon dioxide","author":"Benson","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R4","article-title":"Time-lapse crosswell seismic and VSP monitoring of injected CO2 in a brine aquifer","author":"Daley","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R5","unstructured":"Daley\n              T. M.\n            \n            \n              Solbau\n              R. D.\n            \n            \n              Majer\n              E. L.\n            \n          , 2006, Piezotube borehole seismic source: Provisional U. S. patent application 60\/863,914."},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B10203","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JB003735","article-title":"The U-tube: A novel system for acquiring borehole fluid samples from a deep geologic CO2 sequestration experiment","volume":"110","author":"Freifeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0148-0227","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2478.2004.00418.x","article-title":"Joint cross-well and single-well seismic studies at Lost Hills, California","volume":"52","author":"Gritto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophysical Prospecting","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8025","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1620632","article-title":"Pressure and fluid saturation prediction in a multicomponent reservoir, using combined seismic and electromagnetic imaging","volume":"68","author":"Hoversten","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophysics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8033","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1306\/eg.,11210505011","article-title":"Measuring permanence of CO2 storage in saline formations: The Frio experiment","volume-title":"Environmental Geosciences","author":"Hovorka","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1437788","article-title":"Crosswell seismic imaging of reservoir changes caused by CO2 injection","volume":"16","author":"Lazaratos","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Leading Edge","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1070-485X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2360622","article-title":"Cost-effective imaging of CO2 injection with borehole seismic methods","volume":"25","author":"Majer","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Leading Edge","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1070-485X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1785\/0120060120","article-title":"Active source monitoring of cross-well seismic traveltime for stress-induced changes","volume-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","author":"Silver","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R13","first-page":"1669","article-title":"Monitoring and characterization of a CO2 storage site","volume-title":"72nd Annual International Meeting","author":"Skov","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444457","article-title":"Seismic monitoring of a CO2 flood in a carbonate reservoir: A rock physics study","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geophysics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8033","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025121115172635600_R15","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Time-lapse crosswell seismic tomography and well logging to monitor the injected CO2 in an onshore aquifer, Nagaoka, Japan","volume-title":"75th Annual International Meeting","author":"Xue","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Geophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/72\/5\/A57\/3208571\/gsgpy_72_5_A57.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/72\/5\/A57\/3208571\/gsgpy_72_5_A57.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:17:32Z","timestamp":1765484252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/geophysics\/article\/72\/5\/A57\/308213\/Continuous-active-source-seismic-monitoring-of-CO2"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/geophysics.geoscienceworld.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1190\/1.2754716","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.2754716","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-2156","0016-8033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0016-8033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]]}}}