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                <full_title>Geophysics</full_title>
                <issn media_type="electronic">1942-2156</issn>
                <issn media_type="print">0016-8033</issn>
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                  <month>11</month>
                  <year>2008</year>
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                  <day>01</day>
                  <year>2008</year>
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                  <volume>73</volume>
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                <issue>6</issue>
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                <titles>
                  <title>Crosswell seismic imaging for deep gas reservoir characterization</title>
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                <contributors>
                  <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Gang</given_name>
                    <surname>Yu</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>1KMS Technologies, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. E-mail: gang@kmstechnologies.com.</institution_name>
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                    <given_name>Bruce</given_name>
                    <surname>Marion</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>2Z-Seis Corporation, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. E-mail: bmarion@z-seis.com; bbryans@z-seis.com; pcarrillo@z-seis.com.</institution_name>
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                  <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Brad</given_name>
                    <surname>Bryans</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>2Z-Seis Corporation, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. E-mail: bmarion@z-seis.com; bbryans@z-seis.com; pcarrillo@z-seis.com.</institution_name>
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                  <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Pedro</given_name>
                    <surname>Carrillo</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>2Z-Seis Corporation, Houston, Texas, U.S.A. E-mail: bmarion@z-seis.com; bbryans@z-seis.com; pcarrillo@z-seis.com.</institution_name>
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                  </person_name>
                  <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Guo</given_name>
                    <surname>Wankui</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>3Deceased.</institution_name>
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                    <given_name>Pang</given_name>
                    <surname>Yanming</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>4Daqing Oilfield E &amp; D Institute, P. R. China. E-mail: pangyanming@petrochina.com.cn; kongfzh@sina.com.</institution_name>
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                  <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Kong</given_name>
                    <surname>Fanzhong</surname>
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                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>4Daqing Oilfield E &amp; D Institute, P. R. China. E-mail: pangyanming@petrochina.com.cn; kongfzh@sina.com.</institution_name>
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                  <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>A gas discovery in the Shengping area of the Daqing Oilfield in China was made recently in a large-scale volcanic depositional environment. Because gas in the heterogeneities of formations broken by tectonic activity and localized volcanic eruptions is not common, researchers sought a more detailed reservoir characterization before developing the field. Crosswell seismic data were used to augment existing 3D surface seismic, log, and core data. This provided data at five times the resolution of the surface seismic data to bridge the gap in resolution between surface seismic and well data. Crosswell seismic data were acquired in two wells, 832m apart, and processed to provide images of reflectivity, velocity, and formation properties from sections produced by amplitude-versus-angle (AVA) inversion. The state of the art in crosswell seismic is summarized briefly, reviewing progress in data acquisition and data processing over several decades of crosswell technology development. A detailed description of the data acquisition and data processing applied to the data from the Shengping area is also given. An integrated interpretation of the crosswell images with the surface seismic and log data was used to produce a more detailed geologic model. The enhanced geologic model is being used to plan strategic development of the reservoir and to evaluate possible infill well locations.</jats:p>
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                  <month>11</month>
                  <year>2008</year>
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                  <year>2008</year>
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                <pages>
                  <first_page>B117</first_page>
                  <last_page>B126</last_page>
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                    <journal_title>First Break</journal_title>
                    <author>Antonelli</author>
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                    <first_page>49</first_page>
                    <cYear>2004</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.3997/1365-2397.22.5.25900</doi>
                    <article_title>Integrated crosswell seismic: Case histories in advanced technologies to improve reservoir description</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>West Texas Geological Society Fall Symposium</volume_title>
                    <author>Bryans</author>
                    <first_page>255</first_page>
                    <cYear>2004</cYear>
                    <article_title>Monitoring of SACROC CO2 flood utilizing crosswell tomography and reflection imaging</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>69th Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
                    <author>Bube</author>
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                    <cYear>1999</cYear>
                    <article_title>On a continuation approach for regularization for crosswell tomography</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>71st Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
                    <author>Byun</author>
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                    <cYear>2001</cYear>
                    <article_title>Two-step migration approach for crosswell seismic reflection data</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>77th Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
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                    <cYear>2007</cYear>
                    <article_title>Attenuation coefficient tomogram and Q distribution image from crosswell survey in the Northern Reef Trend of Michigan Basin</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>76th Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
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                    <cYear>2006</cYear>
                    <article_title>Enhanced crosswell acquisition efficiency with combined upgoing and downgoing imaging</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>70th Annual EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition</volume_title>
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                    <first_page>9</first_page>
                    <cYear>2008</cYear>
                    <article_title>Integrated crosswell seismic inversion — Test on Belayim land data</article_title>
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                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Harris</author>
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                    <cYear>1995</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1190/1.1443806</doi>
                    <article_title>High resolution imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: Part 1 — Project summary and interpretation</article_title>
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                    <volume_title>70th Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
                    <author>Jervis</author>
                    <first_page>1631</first_page>
                    <cYear>2000</cYear>
                    <article_title>High resolution crosswell reflection imaging in the presence of anisotropy — The Santa Rosa gas field, Eastern Venezuela</article_title>
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                    <journal_title>The Leading Edge</journal_title>
                    <author>Li</author>
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                    <first_page>454</first_page>
                    <cYear>2003</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1190/1.1579579</doi>
                    <article_title>Coiled tubing deployment makes crosswell seismic surveying successful in horizontal wells</article_title>
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                    <journal_title>The Leading Edge</journal_title>
                    <author>Lines</author>
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                    <first_page>13</first_page>
                    <cYear>1993</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1190/1.1436907</doi>
                    <article_title>Integrated interpretation of borehole and crosswell data from a west Texas field</article_title>
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                  <citation key="2025121113012074200_R12">
                    <volume_title>72nd Annual International Meeting</volume_title>
                    <author>Washbourne</author>
                    <first_page>874</first_page>
                    <cYear>2002</cYear>
                    <article_title>Crosswell reflection tomography</article_title>
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                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Washbourne</author>
                    <volume>67</volume>
                    <first_page>853</first_page>
                    <cYear>2002</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1190/1.1484529</doi>
                    <article_title>Crosswell traveltime tomography in three dimensions</article_title>
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