{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T05:27:05Z","timestamp":1789536425080,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Predictive groundwater modeling requires accurate information about aquifer characteristics. Geophysical imaging is a powerful tool for delineating aquifer properties at an appropriate scale and resolution, but it suffers from problems of ambiguity. One way to overcome such limitations is to adopt a simultaneous multitechnique inversion strategy. We have developed a methodology for aquifer characterization based on structural joint inversion of multiple geophysical data sets followed by clustering to form zones and subsequent inversion for zonal parameters. Joint inversions based on cross-gradient structural constraints require less restrictive assumptions than, say, applying predefined petrophysical relationships and generally yield superior results. This approach has, for the first time, been applied to three geophysical data types in three dimensions. A classification scheme using maximum likelihood estimation is used to determine theparameters of a Gaussian mixture model that defines zonal geometries from joint-inversion tomograms. The resulting zones are used to estimate representative geophysical parameters of each zone, which are then used for field-scale petrophysical analysis. A synthetic study demonstrated how joint inversion of seismic and radar traveltimes and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) data greatly reduces misclassification of zones (down from 21.3% to 3.7%) and improves the accuracy of retrieved zonal parameters (from 1.8% to 0.3%) compared to individual inversions. We applied our scheme to a data set collected in northeastern Switzerland to delineate lithologic subunits within a gravel aquifer. The inversion models resolve three principal subhorizontal units along with some important 3D heterogeneity. Petrophysical analysis of the zonal parameters indicated approximately 30% variation in porosity within the gravel aquifer and an increasing fraction of finer sediments with depth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3496476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]],"date-time":"2010-12-14T18:28:25Z","timestamp":1292351305000},"page":"G53-G64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Zonation for 3D aquifer characterization based on joint inversions of multimethod crosshole geophysical data"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Doetsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Institute of Geophysics, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: doetsch@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; coscia@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; green@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2University Lausanne, Institute of Geophysics, Switzerland. E-mail: Niklas.Linde@unil.ch."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Institute of Geophysics, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: doetsch@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; coscia@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; green@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart A.","family":"Greenhalgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute of Geophysics, Zurich, Switzerland and University of Adelaide, Department of Physics, Australia. E-mail: greenhalgh@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan G.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Institute of Geophysics, Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: doetsch@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; coscia@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch; green@aug.ig.erdw.ethz.ch."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121114340694800_R1","first-page":"54","article-title":"The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics","volume":"146","author":"Archie","year":"1942","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1487063","article-title":"Seismic reservoir mapping from 3-D AVO in a North Sea turbidite system","volume":"66","author":"Avseth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03440.x","article-title":"Lithology-derived structure classification from the joint interpretation of magnetotelluric and seismic models","volume":"170","author":"Bedrosian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2478.2000.00220.x","article-title":"Cross-hole resistivity tomography using different electrode configurations","volume":"48","author":"Bing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geophysical Prospecting"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R5","article-title":"Cluster: An unsupervised algorithm for modeling Gaussian mixtures","author":"Bouman","year":"1997"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025121114340694800_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E193","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2762224","article-title":"Cross-property relations between electrical conductivity and the seismic velocity of rocks","volume":"72","author":"Carcione","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R7","article-title":"Assessment and modeling of coupled ecological and hydrological dynamics in the restored corridor of the river","author":"RECORD","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07503","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019617","article-title":"Assessing the resolution-dependent utility of tomograms for geostatistics","volume":"31","author":"Day-Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","article-title":"Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm","volume":"39","author":"Dempster","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B Methodological"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R10","article-title":"GSLIB: Geostatistical software library and user's guide 2nd ed.","author":"Deutsch","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121114340694800_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F107","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3467824","article-title":"The borehole-fluid effect in electrical resistivity imaging","volume":"75","author":"Doetsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R12","article-title":"The structure and properties of water","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1969"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444383","article-title":"Optimal 3-D traveltime tomography","volume":"63","author":"Eppstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121114340694800_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L31","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3119263","article-title":"Cross-gradients joint 3D inversion with applications to gravity and magnetic data","volume":"74","author":"Fregoso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L19301","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030409","article-title":"Multiple cross-gradient joint inversion for geospectral imaging","volume":"34","author":"Gallardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL017370","article-title":"Characterization of heterogeneous near-surface materials by joint 2D inversion of DC resistivity and seismic data","volume":"30","author":"Gallardo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"B3","key":"2025121114340694800_R17","first-page":"B03311","article-title":"Joint two-dimensional DC resistivity and seismic travel time inversion with cross-gradients constraints","volume":"109","author":"Gallardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2007.03366.x","article-title":"Joint two-dimensional cross-gradient imaging of magnetotelluric and seismic traveltime data for structural and lithological classification","volume":"169","author":"Gallardo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1088\/0266-5611\/13\/1\/006","article-title":"Joint inversion: A structural approach","volume":"13","author":"Haber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Inverse Problems"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5096(63)90060-7","article-title":"A variational approach to the theory of elastic behaviour of multiphase materials","volume":"11","author":"Hashin","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1029\/2001WR000279","article-title":"Hydrogeological characterization of the South Oyster Bacterial Transport site using geophysical data","volume":"37","author":"Hubbard","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1029\/96WR01269","article-title":"Estimating lithologic and transport properties in 3 dimensions using seismic and tracer data: The Kesterson aquifer","volume":"32","author":"Hyndman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1444090","article-title":"Traveltime inversion for the geometry of aquifer lithologies","volume":"61","author":"Hyndman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R24","first-page":"87","article-title":"Hydrogeophysics","volume-title":"Relationships between the electrical and hydrogeological properties of rocks and soils","author":"Lesmes","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W12404","DOI":"10.1029\/2006WR005131","article-title":"Improved hydrogeophysical characterization using joint inversion of cross-hole electrical resistance and ground-penetrating radar traveltime data","volume":"42","author":"Linde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in nearsurface seismology and ground-penetrating Radar","volume-title":"Joint inversion of crosshole GPR and seismic traveltime data","author":"Linde","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W04410","DOI":"10.1029\/2004WR003806","article-title":"Inversion of tracer test data using tomographic constraints","volume":"42","author":"Linde","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121114340694800_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G29","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2937467","article-title":"Joint inversion of crosshole radar and seismic traveltimes acquired at the South Oyster Bacterial Transport Site","volume":"73","author":"Linde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R29","article-title":"Machine learning","author":"Mitchell","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025121114340694800_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H33","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2192927","article-title":"Integration of diverse physical-property models: Subsurface zonation and petrophysical parameter estimation based on fuzzy c-means cluster analyses","volume":"71","author":"Paasche","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/355984.355989","article-title":"LSQR: An algorithm for sparse linear equations and sparse least squares","volume":"8","author":"Paige","year":"1982","journal-title":"Association of Computing Machinery Transactions on Mathematical Software"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1991.tb03461.x","article-title":"Finite difference computation of traveltimes in very contrasted velocity models: A massively parallel approach and its associated tools","volume":"105","author":"Podvin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"issue":"21","key":"2025121114340694800_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15678","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.50.15678","article-title":"Governing equations for the coupled electromagnetics and acoustics of porous media","volume":"50","author":"Pride","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1029\/98WR02700","article-title":"Permeability of shaly sands","volume":"35","author":"Revil","year":"1999","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23925","DOI":"10.1029\/98JB02125","article-title":"Electrical conductivity in shaly sands with geophysical applications","volume":"103","author":"Revil","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.03010.x","article-title":"Three-dimensional modelling and inversion of DC resistivity data incorporating topography \u2014 I. Modelling","volume":"166","author":"R\u00fccker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2003.tb02577.x","article-title":"An evaluation of conditioning data for solute transport prediction","volume":"41","author":"Scheibe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W01519","DOI":"10.1029\/2003WR002031","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of cross-hole georadar velocity and attenuation tomograms for aquifer zonation","volume":"40","author":"Tronicke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Resources Research"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.02925.x","article-title":"A traveltime reciprocity discrepancy in the Podvin & Lecomte time3d finite difference algorithm","volume":"165","author":"Tryggvason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L07303","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL025485","article-title":"Local earthquake (LE) tomography with joint inversion for P- and S-wave velocities using structural constraints","volume":"33","author":"Tryggvason","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2002.01812.x","article-title":"3-dimensional imaging of the P- and S-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations beneath southwest Iceland","volume":"151","author":"Tryggvason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2025121114340694800_R42","first-page":"391","article-title":"Joint seismic and electrical tomography","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems","author":"Zhang","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Geophysics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/G53\/3225785\/gsgpy_75_6_G53.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/geophysics\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/G53\/3225785\/gsgpy_75_6_G53.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T19:34:15Z","timestamp":1765481655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/geophysics\/article\/75\/6\/G53\/299313\/Zonation-for-3D-aquifer-characterization-based-on"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/geophysics.geoscienceworld.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1190\/1.3496476","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.3496476","relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-2156","0016-8033"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-2156","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0016-8033","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]]}}}