{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T11:30:24Z","timestamp":1775734224073,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Assessing the effectiveness of elastic full-waveform-inversion (FWI) algorithms when applied to shallow 2D structures in the presence of a complex topography is critically important. By using FWI, we overcome inherent limitations of conventional seismic methods used for near-surface prospecting (acoustic tomography and multichannel spectral analysis of surface waves). The elastic forward problem, formulated in the frequency domain, is based on a mixed finite-element P0-P1 discontinuous Galerkin method to ensure accurate modeling of complex topography effects at a reasonable computing cost. The inversion problem uses an FWI algorithm to minimize the misfit between observed and calculated data. Based on results from a numerical experiment performed on a realistic landslide model inspired from the morphostructure of the Super-Sauze earthflow, we analyzed the effect of using a hierarchical preconditioning strategy, based on a simultaneous multifrequency inversion of damped data, to mitigate the strong nonlinearities coming from the surface waves. This strategy is a key point in alleviating the strong near-surface effects and avoiding convergence toward a local minimum. Using a limited-memory quasi-Newton method improved the convergence level. These findings are analogous to recent applications on large-scale domains, although limited source-receiver offset ranges, low-frequency content of the source, and domination of surface waves on the signal led to some difficulties. Regarding the impact of data decimation on the inversion results, we have learned that an inversion restricted to the vertical data component can be successful without significant loss in terms of parameter imagery resolution. In our investigations of the effect of increased source spacing, we found that a sampling of 4 m (less than three times the theoretical maximum of one half-wavelength) led to severe aliasing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3569798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]],"date-time":"2011-05-06T18:20:52Z","timestamp":1304706052000},"page":"R81-R93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Shallow-structure characterization by 2D elastic full-waveform inversion"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Anouar","family":"Romdhane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BRGM 1 Formerly , Orl\u00e9ans, France ; presently , Trondheim, Norway . E-mail: anouar.romdhane@sintef.no ."},{"name":"SINTEF 1 Formerly , Orl\u00e9ans, France ; presently , Trondheim, Norway . E-mail: anouar.romdhane@sintef.no ."}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Grandjean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BRGM, Natural Risks and CO2 Storage Security Division 2 , Orl\u00e9ans, France . E-mail: g.grandjean@brgm.fr ."}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Brossier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Geophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) 3 , Grenoble, France . E-mail: romain.brossier@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ; jean.virieux@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ."}]},{"given":"Fay\u00e7al","family":"Rejiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie 4 , Paris, France . E-mail: faycal.rejiba@upmc.fr ."}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Operto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Nice\u2013Sophia Antipolis, G\u00e9oazur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD), Observatoire de la C\u00f4te d'Azur 5 , Villefranche-sur-mer, France . E-mail: operto@geoazur.obs-vlfr.fr ."}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Virieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universite Joseph Fourier, Laboratoire de Geophysique Interne et Tectonophysique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement (IRD) 3 , Grenoble, France . E-mail: romain.brossier@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ; jean.virieux@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr ."}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"no. 6","key":"2026010911084234500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"WCC69","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3223315","article-title":"Effects of surface scattering in full-waveform inversion","volume":"74","author":"Bleibinhaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2026010911084234500_B2","article-title":"Limites th\u00e9oriques et exp\u00e9rimentales de l'inversion de la dispersion des ondes de Rayleigh: Apport de la mod\u00e9lisation num\u00e9rique et physique","author":"Bodet","year":"2005"},{"issue":"no. 4","key":"2026010911084234500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T109","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2213051","article-title":"Accuracy of heterogeneous staggered-grid finite-difference modeling of Rayleigh waves","volume":"71","author":"Bohlen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"no. 1","key":"2026010911084234500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.03156.x","article-title":"Full waveform tomography for lithospheric imaging: Results from a blind test in a realistic crustal model","volume":"168","author":"Brenders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2026010911084234500_B5","article-title":"Imagerie sismique \u00e0 deux dimensions des milieux visco-\u00e9lastiques par inversion des formes d'onde: D\u00e9velopements m\u00e9thodologiques et applications","author":"Brossier","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026010911084234500_B6","article-title":"Two-dimensional frequency-domain visco-elastic full waveform inversion: Parallel algorithms, optimization and performance","author":"Brossier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"issue":"no. 6","key":"2026010911084234500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"WCC105","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3215771","article-title":"Seismic imaging of complex onshore structures by 2D elastic frequency-domain full-waveform inversion","volume":"74","author":"Brossier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"issue":"no. 2","key":"2026010911084234500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2008.03839.x","article-title":"Parsimonious finite-volume frequency-domain method for 2D P\u2013SV-wave modelling","volume":"175","author":"Brossier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"2026010911084234500_B9","article-title":"Seismic ray theory","author":"\u010cerven\u00fd","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026010911084234500_B10","article-title":"Ray theory in seismology","author":"\u010cerven\u00fd","year":"1977"},{"issue":"no. 1","key":"2026010911084234500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.03120.x","article-title":"An arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic waves on unstructured meshes -\u2014 II. 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