{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T02:35:50Z","timestamp":1775961350127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Progression of an immature block cave in proximity to a mature sublevel cave was monitored over an 18-month period using double-difference tomography. This method utilizes existing microseismic data to generate time-lapse images of seismic wave velocity changes within the rock mass. The velocity changes are caused by damage zones forming or local high-stress concentrations. In this study, images were generated on monthly intervals. An average of 2000 microseismic events recorded by 25 stations were used to generate each image. Results showed a development of the initial undercut followed by the growing cave and interaction with the adjacent sublevel cave. The goal of the research is to provide a tool that can augment both numerical modeling results and underground geotechnical measurements to allow the mine operator to produce in the safest and most efficient manner possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3694902","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]],"date-time":"2012-03-08T19:12:01Z","timestamp":1331233921000},"page":"338-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Passive seismic tomography for three-dimensional time-lapse imaging of mining-induced rock mass changes"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Westman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Luxbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schafrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120814273285100_c1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dines, K. A. and J. R.Lytle, 1979, Computerized geophysical tomography: Proceedings of the IEEE, 67, no. 7, 1065\u20131073, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/PROC.1979.11390.","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1979.11390"},{"key":"2025120814273285100_c2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, J. R., D.Eberhart-Phillips, and C. H.Thurber, 1994, User's manual for SIMULPS12 for imaging Vp and Vp\/Vs: A derivative of the Thurber tomographic inversion SIMUL3 for local earthquakes and explosions: USGS Open File Report 94\u2013431.","DOI":"10.3133\/ofr94431"},{"key":"2025120814273285100_c3","first-page":"3","article-title":"Underground mining methods and applications","volume-title":"Underground Mining Methods: Society for Mining Metallurgy & Exploration","author":"Hamrin","year":"2001"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025120814273285100_c4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2004.09.005","article-title":"Dynamic modeling of induced seismicity","volume":"41","author":"Hazzard","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences"},{"key":"2025120814273285100_c5","first-page":"3","article-title":"Strategy and tactics for rock stress estimation","author":"Hudson","year":"2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025120814273285100_c6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrmms.2007.07.015","article-title":"Three-dimensional time lapse tomography of an underground longwall panel","volume":"45","author":"Luxbacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences"},{"key":"2025120814273285100_c7","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Double-difference tomography: the method and its application to the Hayward Fault, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","author":"Zhang","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The Leading Edge"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/tle\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/338\/7432068\/1.3694902.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/tle\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/338\/7432068\/1.3694902.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T19:27:37Z","timestamp":1765222057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/tle\/article\/31\/3\/338\/136147\/Passive-seismic-tomography-for-three-dimensional"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/tle\/article\/31\/3\/338\/136147\/passive-seismic-tomography-for-three-dimensional","label":"geoscienceworld"},{"URL":"http:\/\/tle.geoscienceworld.org\/cgi\/doi\/10.1190\/1.3694902","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/1.3694902","relation":{},"ISSN":["1070-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1070-485X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]]}}}