<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<crossref_result xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/3.0" version="3.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/qrschema/3.0 http://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref_query_output3.0.xsd">
  <query_result>
    <head>
      <doi_batch_id>none</doi_batch_id>
    </head>
    <body>
      <query status="resolved">
        <doi type="journal_article">10.1190/geo2012-0246.1</doi>
        <crm-item name="publisher-name" type="string">Society of Exploration Geophysicists</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="prefix-name" type="string">Society of Exploration Geophysicists</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="member-id" type="number">186</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="citation-id" type="number">62220263</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="journal-id" type="number">5981</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="deposit-timestamp" type="number">2025121114475213200</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="owner-prefix" type="string">10.1190</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="last-update" type="date">2025-12-11T19:48:01Z</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="created" type="date">2013-05-14T05:17:52Z</crm-item>
        <crm-item name="citedby-count" type="number">72</crm-item>
        <doi_record>
          <crossref xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/xschema/1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/xschema/1.1 http://doi.crossref.org/schemas/unixref1.1.xsd">
            <journal>
              <journal_metadata language="en">
                <full_title>Geophysics</full_title>
                <issn media_type="electronic">1942-2156</issn>
                <issn media_type="print">0016-8033</issn>
              </journal_metadata>
              <journal_issue>
                <publication_date media_type="other">
                  <month>05</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2013</year>
                </publication_date>
                <publication_date media_type="print">
                  <month>05</month>
                  <day>01</day>
                  <year>2013</year>
                </publication_date>
                <journal_volume>
                  <volume>78</volume>
                </journal_volume>
                <issue>3</issue>
              </journal_issue>
              <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
                <titles>
                  <title>Forward modeling of gravity data using finite-volume and finite-element methods on unstructured grids</title>
                </titles>
                <contributors>
                  <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Hormoz</given_name>
                    <surname>Jahandari</surname>
                    <affiliations>
                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>Memorial University of Newfoundland 1 , Department of Earth Sciences, St. John’s, Newfoundland, . E-mail: h.jahandari@mun.ca ; cgfarquh@mun.ca .</institution_name>
                        <institution_place>Canada</institution_place>
                      </institution>
                    </affiliations>
                  </person_name>
                  <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
                    <given_name>Colin G.</given_name>
                    <surname>Farquharson</surname>
                    <affiliations>
                      <institution>
                        <institution_name>Memorial University of Newfoundland 1 , Department of Earth Sciences, St. John’s, Newfoundland, . E-mail: h.jahandari@mun.ca ; cgfarquh@mun.ca .</institution_name>
                        <institution_place>Canada</institution_place>
                      </institution>
                    </affiliations>
                  </person_name>
                </contributors>
                <jats:abstract xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1">
                  <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title>
                  <jats:p>Minimum-structure inversion is one of the most effective tools for the inversion of gravity data. However, the standard Gauss-Newton algorithms that are commonly used for the minimization procedure and that employ forward solvers based on analytic formulas require large memory storage for the formation and inversion of the involved matrices. An alternative to the analytical solvers are numerical ones that result in sparse matrices. This sparsity suits gradient-based minimization methods that avoid the explicit formation of the inversion matrices and that solve the system of equations using memory-efficient iterative techniques. We have developed several numerical schemes for the forward modeling of gravity data using the finite-element and finite-volume methods on unstructured grids. In the finite-volume method, a Delaunay tetrahedral grid and its dual Voronoï grid are used to find the primary solution (i.e., gravitational potential) at the centers and vertices of the tetrahedra, respectively (cell-centered and vertex-centered schemes). In the finite-element method, Delaunay tetrahedral grids are used to develop linear and quadratic finite-element schemes. Different techniques are used to recover the vertical component of gravitational acceleration from the gravitational potential. In the finite-volume scheme, a differencing method is used; in the finite-element method, basis functions are used. The capabilities of the finite-volume and finite-element schemes were tested on simple and realistic synthetic examples. The results showed that the quadratic finite-element scheme is the most accurate but also the most computationally demanding scheme. The best trade-offs between accuracy and computational resource requirement were achieved by the linear finite-element and vertex-centered finite-volume schemes.</jats:p>
                </jats:abstract>
                <publication_date media_type="other">
                  <month>05</month>
                  <day>1</day>
                  <year>2013</year>
                </publication_date>
                <publication_date media_type="print">
                  <month>05</month>
                  <day>01</day>
                  <year>2013</year>
                </publication_date>
                <publication_date media_type="online">
                  <month>05</month>
                  <day>14</day>
                  <year>2013</year>
                </publication_date>
                <pages>
                  <first_page>G69</first_page>
                  <last_page>G80</last_page>
                </pages>
                <doi_data>
                  <doi>10.1190/geo2012-0246.1</doi>
                  <resource>https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/78/3/G69/300958/Forward-modeling-of-gravity-data-using-finite</resource>
                  <collection property="syndication">
                    <item>
                      <resource mime_type="application/pdf" content_version="vor">https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/78/3/G69/3230820/geo2012-0246.pdf</resource>
                    </item>
                  </collection>
                  <collection property="crawler-based">
                    <item crawler="iParadigms">
                      <resource>https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/78/3/G69/3230820/geo2012-0246.pdf</resource>
                    </item>
                  </collection>
                  <collection property="list-based" multi-resolution="unlock">
                    <item label="geoscienceworld" setbyID="soeg">
                      <resource>http://geophysics.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/doi/10.1190/geo2012-0246.1</resource>
                    </item>
                  </collection>
                </doi_data>
                <citation_list>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r1">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Barbosa</author>
                    <volume>62</volume>
                    <cYear>1997</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1444275</doi>
                    <article_title>Gravity inversion of basement relief using approximate equality constraints on depths</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r2">
                    <volume_title>Potential theory in gravity and magnetic applications</volume_title>
                    <author>Blakely</author>
                    <cYear>1996</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r3">
                    <issn>0956-540X</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysical Journal International</journal_title>
                    <author>Cai</author>
                    <volume>162</volume>
                    <cYear>2005</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02711.x</doi>
                    <article_title>Fast finite-element calculation of gravity anomaly in complex geological regions</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r4">
                    <issn>0926-9851</issn>
                    <journal_title>Journal of Applied Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Chasseriau</author>
                    <volume>52</volume>
                    <cYear>2003</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1016/S0926-9851(02)00240-9</doi>
                    <article_title>3D gravity inversion using a model of parameter covariance</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r5">
                    <volume_title>Handbook of numerical analysis</volume_title>
                    <author>Eymard</author>
                    <cYear>2000</cYear>
                    <article_title>Finite volume methods</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r6">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Farquharson</author>
                    <volume>73</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <cYear>2008</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.2816650</doi>
                    <article_title>Constructing piecewise-constant models in multidimensional minimum-structure inversions</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r7">
                    <issn>0926-9851</issn>
                    <journal_title>Journal of Applied Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Farquharson</author>
                    <volume>68</volume>
                    <cYear>2009</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.03.007</doi>
                    <article_title>Three-dimensional modelling of gravity data using finite differences</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r8">
                    <issn>0949-7714</issn>
                    <journal_title>Journal of Geodesy</journal_title>
                    <author>Fašková</author>
                    <volume>84</volume>
                    <cYear>2010</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1007/s00190-009-0349-7</doi>
                    <article_title>Finite element method for solving geodetic boundary value problems</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r9">
                    <volume_title>Numerical computation of internal and external flows: The fundamentals of computational fluid dynamics</volume_title>
                    <author>Hirsch</author>
                    <edition_number>2nd ed.</edition_number>
                    <cYear>2007</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r10">
                    <volume_title>The finite element method in electromagnetics</volume_title>
                    <author>Jin</author>
                    <edition_number>2nd ed.</edition_number>
                    <cYear>2002</cYear>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r11">
                    <volume_title>Foundations of potential theory</volume_title>
                    <author>Kellogg</author>
                    <cYear>1967</cYear>
                    <doi provider="crossref">10.1007/978-3-642-86748-4</doi>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r12">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Li</author>
                    <volume>61</volume>
                    <cYear>1996</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1443968</doi>
                    <article_title>3-D inversion of magnetic data</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r13">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Li</author>
                    <volume>63</volume>
                    <cYear>1998</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1444302</doi>
                    <article_title>3-D inversion of gravity data</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r14">
                    <issn>0956-540X</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysical Journal International</journal_title>
                    <author>Li</author>
                    <volume>152</volume>
                    <cYear>2003</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1046/j.1365-246X.2003.01766.x</doi>
                    <article_title>Fast inversion of large-scale magnetic data using wavelet transforms and a logarithmic barrier method</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r15">
                    <issn>0956-540X</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysical Journal International</journal_title>
                    <author>Mackie</author>
                    <volume>115</volume>
                    <cYear>1993</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb05600.x</doi>
                    <article_title>Three-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion using conjugate gradients</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r16">
                    <issn>0956-540X</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysical Journal International</journal_title>
                    <author>May</author>
                    <volume>187</volume>
                    <cYear>2011</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.05167.x</doi>
                    <article_title>Optimal, scalable forward models for computing gravity anomalies</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r17">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Okabe</author>
                    <volume>44</volume>
                    <cYear>1979</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1440973</doi>
                    <article_title>Analytical expressions for gravity anomalies due to homogeneous polyhedral bodies and translations into magnetic anomalies</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r18">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Pilkington</author>
                    <volume>74</volume>
                    <issue>1</issue>
                    <cYear>2009</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.3026538</doi>
                    <article_title>3D magnetic data-space inversion with sparseness constraints</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r19">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Rodi</author>
                    <volume>66</volume>
                    <cYear>2001</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1444893</doi>
                    <article_title>Nonlinear conjugate gradients algorithm for 2-D magnetotelluric inversion</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r20">
                    <author>Saad</author>
                    <cYear>1990</cYear>
                    <article_title>SPARSKIT: A basic tool kit for sparse matrix computations</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r21">
                    <author>Si</author>
                    <cYear>2004</cYear>
                    <article_title>TetGen, a quality tetrahedral mesh generator and three-dimensional Delaunay triangulator, vol. 3</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r22">
                    <issn>0044-2275</issn>
                    <journal_title>Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics</journal_title>
                    <author>Waldvogel</author>
                    <volume>27</volume>
                    <cYear>1976</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1007/BF01595137</doi>
                    <article_title>The Newtonian potential of a homogeneous cube</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r23">
                    <issn>0016-8033</issn>
                    <journal_title>Geophysics</journal_title>
                    <author>Zhang</author>
                    <volume>69</volume>
                    <cYear>2004</cYear>
                    <doi>10.1190/1.1778235</doi>
                    <article_title>Three-dimensional crustal structure of central Taiwan from gravity inversion with a parallel genetic algorithm</article_title>
                  </citation>
                  <citation key="2025121114475213200_r24">
                    <volume_title>The finite element method, vol. 1: The basis</volume_title>
                    <author>Zienkiewicz</author>
                    <edition_number>5th ed.</edition_number>
                    <cYear>2000</cYear>
                  </citation>
                </citation_list>
              </journal_article>
            </journal>
          </crossref>
        </doi_record>
      </query>
    </body>
  </query_result>
</crossref_result>