none 10.1190/geo2022-0542.1 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Society of Exploration Geophysicists 186 153272967 5981 2025121211520554600 10.1190 2025-12-12T16:52:16Z 2023-09-21T09:03:47Z 6 Geophysics 0016-8033 1942-2156 01 01 2024 89 1 Jiachun You Chengdu University of Technology 1 , College of Geophysics, Chengdu, China. youjiachun2009@163.com http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-026X Wei Liu Chengdu University of Technology 1 , College of Geophysics, Chengdu, China. lwqhsy123@163.com http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3722-9816 Xingguo Huang Jilin University 2 , College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Changchun, China. xingguohuang@jlu.edu.cn (corresponding author) http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-6297 Yajuan Xue Chengdu University of Information Technology 3 , School of Communication Engineering, Chengdu, China. xueyj0869@163.com Junxing Cao Chengdu University of Technology 1 , College of Geophysics, Chengdu, China. caojx@cdut.edu.cn http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-7492 ABSTRACT In a viscoacoustic medium, intrinsic attenuation causes seismic wavefields to attenuate in amplitude and become dispersed in phase, leading to distorted structural imaging and inaccurate migrated amplitudes. To address this problem, viscoacoustic reverse time migration corrects for dispersion and amplitude attenuation effects in wavefield propagation in forward and backward directions. To provide a parallel alternative approach, the time fractional derivative viscoacoustic wave equation in the depth domain is solved and a Q-compensated wavefield depth extrapolation scheme is established to compensate for viscoacoustic effects during recursive wavefield depth extrapolation. This approach decouples the amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion effects from the viscoacoustic vertical wavenumber. To suppress high wavenumber components and address the problem of exponential amplitude growth during wavefield depth extrapolation, we limit the imaginary part of the vertical wavenumber in the frequency wavenumber domain and use an adaptive stabilization solution. Numerical experiments of impulse responses in a viscoacoustic isotropic medium demonstrate that our proposed scheme can observe calculated wavefields exhibiting amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion effects in comparison to wavefields of the acoustic medium, indicating good agreement with theoretical expectations. We also demonstrate the capability of our proposed scheme to recover imaging amplitudes through a variety of numerical experiments, such as imaging of three-layer, Marmousi, and BP gas reservoir models. The results indicate that our proposed scheme can recover amplitude attenuation and phase dispersion effects more accurately than acoustic migration. We also use marine seismic data featuring natural gas hydrates to indicate that our proposed Q-compensated scheme can generate an enhanced imaging result, especially for the bottom simulating reflectors, compared with the conventional imaging algorithm without Q-compensation. 12 05 2023 01 01 2024 09 21 2023 S1 S14 the Opening Fund of Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province scsxdz2022-02 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Innovation Found 2022DQ02-0306 National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 42004103 42050104 42374149 Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2023NSFSC0257 2023NSFSC1986 2023NSFSC0258 1 10.1190/crossmark-policy library.seg.org true 2022-08-26 2023-09-04 2023-09-07 2023-12-05 the Opening Fund of Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province scsxdz2022-02 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Innovation Found 2022DQ02-0306 National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 42004103 42050104 42374149 Sichuan Science and Technology Program 2023NSFSC0257 2023NSFSC1986 2023NSFSC0258 10.1190/geo2022-0542.1 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/89/1/S1/630511/Q-compensated-wavefield-depth-extrapolation-based https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/89/1/S1/6175821/geo-2022-0542.1.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/89/1/S1/6175821/geo-2022-0542.1.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/89/1/s1/630511/q-compensated-wavefield-depth-extrapolation-based Quantitative seismology Aki 2002 0148-0227 Journal of Geophysical Research Anderson 69 2071 1964 10.1029/JZ069i010p02071 The anelasticity of the earth 0016-8033 Geophysics Batzle 71 1 N1 2006 10.1190/1.2159053 Fluid mobility and frequency-dependent seismic velocity — Direct measurements 0016-8033 Geophysics Baysal 48 1514 1983 10.1190/1.1441434 Reverse time migration 0956-540X Geophysical Journal 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