none 10.1190/geo2022-0550.1 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Society of Exploration Geophysicists 186 146348904 5981 2025121212141181500 10.1190 2025-12-12T17:14:20Z 2023-03-28T08:46:46Z 6 Geophysics 0016-8033 1942-2156 07 01 2023 88 4 Jingrui Luo Xi’an University of Technology 1 , School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an, China. bluebirdjr@126.com http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-0466 Huamin Zhou Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute 2 , Wuhan, China. zhouhuamin0926@163.com http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2914-2793 Ru-Shan Wu University of California 3 , Modeling and Imaging Laboratory, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Santa Cruz, California, USA. rwu@ucsc.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9188-4953 Xingguo Huang Jilin University 4 , College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin, China. xingguohuang@jlu.edu.cn (corresponding author) http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-6297 ABSTRACT Correct subsalt structure recovery is important for subsalt reservoir exploration. However, high-precision subsalt structure retrieval using full-waveform inversion (FWI) is difficult, which is caused by the shielding from the salt body and the depth of the target. To obtain correct subsalt structures, techniques that can effectively work with deep targets are desired. In addition, the correct recovery of the salt body is critical for the recovery of the subsalt structure. However, the salt body recovery itself is also challenging in FWI, especially when a reasonable starting model is not available. We consider the recovery of the salt structure and subsalt structure. A local angle domain illumination-compensated direct envelope inversion with the local resolution function is developed to provide a large-scale background salt structure with an enhanced and more balanced recovery of the salt body in the deep part. Then, FWI with angle domain illumination compensation is used to improve the recovery of the salt and subsalt structures. To further enhance the quality of the inversion, model updating with the L-BFGS method is embedded into the whole process. Numerical examples with the SEG/EAGE salt model and the Sigsbee model demonstrate that the proposed method could retrieve the salt structure as well as the subsalt structure effectively with high precision starting from a linear initial model. 06 12 2023 07 01 2023 03 28 2023 R453 R467 National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 41874128 1 10.1190/crossmark-policy library.seg.org true 2022-08-30 2023-01-26 2023-03-10 2023-06-12 National Natural Science Foundation of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 41874128 10.1190/geo2022-0550.1 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/88/4/R453/623994/Salt-and-subsalt-structure-recovery-An-envelope https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/88/4/R453/5894952/geo-2022-0550.1.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/88/4/R453/5894952/geo-2022-0550.1.pdf 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