{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:02:01Z","timestamp":1781884921848,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["library.seg.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Imaging earth\u2019s structures is fundamental to the earth\u2019s interior, yet how to reconstruct earth\u2019s heterogeneities using full-waveform inversion of full wavefield data that includes primary reflections and multiples remains enigmatic. I develop a nonlinear Bayesian approach for full-waveform inversion method with multiple scattering. Instead of using single scattering Born approximation to formulate the sensitivity kernels, I develop multiple scattering sensitivity kernels using multiple scattering-based Green\u2019s functions. It is based on the Lippmann-Schwinger integral and Marchenko methods, for which the Green\u2019s functions are retrieved from reflection data by solving a Marchenko equation. To estimate the uncertainty of velocities, I apply a Bayesian framework to the inverse problem. Our results indicate that the method does not depend on the earth\u2019s scattering potential and the full-waveform inversion method with multiple scattering is a good alternative approach to image the earth\u2019s structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2022-0604.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T12:38:28Z","timestamp":1689943108000},"page":"T289-T303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Full wavefield inversion with multiples: Nonlinear Bayesian inverse multiple scattering theory beyond the Born approximation"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"88","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University 1 , College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Changchun, China. xingguohuang@jlu.edu.cn (corresponding 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