{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T10:54:25Z","timestamp":1768820065201,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002886","name":"China National Petroleum Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13-03-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-03-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42374149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42374149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42074151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002886","name":"China National Petroleum Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13-03-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-03-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42374149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42374149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42074151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42074151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["library.seg.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Reverse time migration (RTM) has been proven capable of producing high-quality images of subsurface structures. However, limited subsurface illumination combined with inaccurate forward modeling and migration velocities all lead to uncertainty in the seismic images. We quantify the migration uncertainty of RTM using an iterative inversion method based on a Bayesian inference framework. The posterior covariance matrix, computed at the maximum a posteriori (MAP) model, provides the foundation for estimating uncertainty. In the Bayesian inference framework, we combine an explicit sensitivity matrix based on a Green\u2019s function representation with an iterative extended Kalman filter method. This enables us to determine the MAP solution of RTM and an estimate of its uncertainty. Numerical examples using synthetic data demonstrate how well the method can measure RTM uncertainty and produce reliable imaging results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2022-0721.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T08:27:02Z","timestamp":1700036822000},"page":"S145-S154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bayesian reverse time migration with quantified uncertainty"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"89","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2976-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University 1 , Changchun 130026, China. swang21@mails.jlu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1628-5210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangbo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University 1 , Changchun 130026, China. gongxb@jlu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University 1 , Changchun 130026, China. xingguohuang@jlu.edu.cn (corresponding author)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3105-7259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University 2 , Beijing, China. jingrao@buaa.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9002-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metis Privatistskole 3 , Bergen, Norway. kristian.jensen@metis.no"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4488-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin University 1 , Changchun 130026, China. hanli19@mails.jlu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naijian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BGP Inc. 4 , CNPC, Acquisition Technology Institute, Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute, Zhuozhou, China and , Zhuozhou, China. wangnaijian@cnpc.com.cn"},{"name":"Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute 4 , CNPC, Acquisition Technology Institute, Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute, Zhuozhou, China and , Zhuozhou, China. wangnaijian@cnpc.com.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuliang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BGP Inc. 4 , CNPC, Acquisition Technology Institute, Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute, Zhuozhou, China and , Zhuozhou, China. zhangxuliang@cnpc.com.cn"},{"name":"Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute 4 , CNPC, Acquisition Technology Institute, Hebei Seismic Acquisition Technology Institute, Zhuozhou, China and , Zhuozhou, China. zhangxuliang@cnpc.com.cn"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121212590840300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2020.104615","article-title":"A workflow for seismic imaging with quantified uncertainty","volume":"145","author":"Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers & Geosciences"},{"key":"2025121212590840300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1441434","article-title":"Reverse time 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T.\n            \n          , 2010, 3D multi-source least-squares reverse time migration: 80th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 3120\u20133124, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1190\/1.3513494.","DOI":"10.1190\/1.3513494"},{"key":"2025121212590840300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2478.2012.01092.x","article-title":"Multi-source least-squares reverse time migration","volume":"60","author":"Dai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geophysical Prospecting","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8025","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025121212590840300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2012-0377.1","article-title":"Plane-wave least-squares reverse-time 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