none 10.1190/geo2023-0634.1 Society of Exploration Geophysicists Society of Exploration Geophysicists 186 160900442 5981 2025121212550086000 10.1190 2025-12-12T17:55:12Z 2024-05-21T08:16:20Z 8 Geophysics 0016-8033 1942-2156 01 09 2024 89 5 Guangchi Xing The Pennsylvania State University 1 Formerly , Department of Geosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; presently , Houston, Texas, USA. guangchi.j.xing@gmail.com (corresponding author) Chevron Corporation 1 Formerly , Department of Geosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; presently , Houston, Texas, USA. guangchi.j.xing@gmail.com (corresponding author) http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-8919 Tieyuan Zhu The Pennsylvania State University 2 , Department of Geosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA and , EMS Energy Institute, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. tyzhu@psu.edu The Pennsylvania State University 2 , Department of Geosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA and , EMS Energy Institute, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA. tyzhu@psu.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-8240 ABSTRACT Accurate seismic attenuation models of subsurface structures not only enhance subsequent migration processes by improving fidelity, resolution, and facilitating amplitude-compliant angle gather generation but also provide valuable constraints on subsurface physical properties. Leveraging full-wavefield information, multiparameter viscoacoustic full-waveform inversion (Q-FWI) simultaneously estimates seismic velocity and attenuation (Q) models. However, a major challenge in Q-FWI is the contamination of crosstalk artifacts, where inaccuracies in the velocity model are mistakenly mapped to the inverted attenuation model. While incorporating the Hessian is expected to mitigate these artifacts, the explicit implementation is prohibitively expensive due to its formidable computational cost. In this study, we formulate and develop a Q-FWI algorithm via the Newton-conjugate gradient (CG) framework, where the search direction at each iteration is determined through an internal CG loop. In particular, the Hessian is integrated into each CG step in a matrix-free fashion using the second-order adjoint-state method. We find through synthetic experiments that our Newton-CG Q-FWI significantly mitigates crosstalk artifacts compared with the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method and the CG method, albeit with a notable computational cost. In the discussion of several key implementation details, we also determine the significance of the approximate Gauss-Newton Hessian, the second-order adjoint-state method, and the two-stage inversion strategy. 07 29 2024 01 09 2024 R429 R442 National Energy Technology Laboratory http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013165 DE-FE0031544 DE-FE0032058 National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 DMS-1953177 EAR-1919650 1 10.1190/crossmark-policy library.seg.org true 2023-10-23 2024-02-26 2024-05-03 2024-07-29 National Energy Technology Laboratory http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013165 DE-FE0031544 DE-FE0032058 National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 DMS-1953177 EAR-1919650 10.1190/geo2023-0634.1 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/89/5/R429/645946/Advancing-attenuation-estimation-through https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/89/5/R429/6946957/geo-2023-0634.1.pdf https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/seg/geophysics/article-pdf/89/5/R429/6946957/geo-2023-0634.1.pdf https://library.seg.org/doi/am-pdf/10.1190/geo2023-0634.1 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geophysics/article/89/5/r429/645946/advancing-attenuation-estimation-through 0016-8033 Geophysics Alkhalifah 79 3 R91 2014 10.1190/geo2013-0366.1 A recipe for practical full-waveform inversion in anisotropic media: An analytical parameter resolution study 0016-8033 Geophysics Anderson 77 4 S93 2012 10.1190/geo2011-0114.1 Time-reversal checkpointing methods for RTM and FWI 0956-540X Geophysical Journal International Artemieva 157 607 2004 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02195.x Shear wave velocity, seismic attenuation, and thermal structure of the continental upper mantle 10.1190/1.3628039 Cavalca M. 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