{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:02:53Z","timestamp":1771484573470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRDPJ 461179-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRDPJ 461179-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["library.seg.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A baseline 3D3C seismic survey was acquired in May 2014 at a Field Research Station in Southern Alberta, Canada, which is the site of experimental CO2 injection into an Upper Cretaceous sandstone at approximately 300\u00a0m depth. We have created synthetic seismograms from sonic and density logs to identify reflectors seen on the processed seismic data. The high-amplitude positive response (peak) at the top of the Upper Cretaceous Milk River Formation sandstone on the normal incidence PP synthetic seismogram does not match the response seen on the migrated PP seismic data, which is a very low amplitude peak. For such a high impedance, low Poisson\u2019s ratio sandstone, the Zoeppritz equations predict a high-amplitude reflection coefficient at zero offset, then a decrease in amplitude, and even a change in polarity with increasing source-receiver offset. To match the stacked seismic data better, we have created offset synthetic seismograms using P- and S-wave sonic logs and density logs. The character of the top Milk River reflection on the seismic data stacked using all offset traces resembles that observed on the stacked offset synthetic seismogram, which is a similar low-amplitude peak. The character of the top Milk River reflection on the seismic data stacked using only near-offset traces to 250\u00a0m looks like that seen on the normal incidence synthetic seismogram.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/int-2016-0036.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]],"date-time":"2016-08-05T11:17:38Z","timestamp":1470395858000},"page":"T455-T459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A case study showing the value of multioffset synthetic seismograms in seismic data interpretation"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"J. Helen","family":"Isaac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary 1 , CREWES, Geoscience Department, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. E-mail: jisaac@ucalgary.ca ; lawton@ucalgary.ca ."}]},{"given":"Don C.","family":"Lawton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary 1 , CREWES, Geoscience Department, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. E-mail: jisaac@ucalgary.ca ; lawton@ucalgary.ca ."}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120912465136500_r1","volume-title":"Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods","author":"Aki","year":"1980"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1190\/1.9781560802495","volume-title":"Amplitude variation with offset: Gulf Coast case histories","author":"Allen","year":"1993"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r3","unstructured":"CMC Research Institutes Inc., 2015, Optimize the performance of measurement and monitoring technologies for secure underground containment of CO2, http:\/\/www.cmcghg.com\/, accessed 23February2016."},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r4","unstructured":"Isaac, J. H., and D. C.Lawton, 2014, Preparing for experimental CO2 injection: Seismic data analysis: CREWES Research Report, University of Calgary, 26, 43.1\u201343.8."},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r5","unstructured":"Isaac, J. H., and D. C.Lawton, 2015, 3D3C seismic data at the Brooks experimental CO2 injection site: CREWES Research Report, University of Calgary, 27, 31.1\u201331.11."},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r6","unstructured":"Lawton, D. C., M. B.Bertram, K. L.Bertram, K. W.Hall, and J. H.Isaac, 2014, A 3C-3D seismic survey at a field research station near Brooks, Alberta: CREWES Research Report, University of Calgary, 26, 48.1\u201348.18."},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r7","unstructured":"Margrave, G. F., and M. P.Lamoureux, 2002, Gabor deconvolution: CSEG Annual National Convention, Expanded Abstracts, cseg.ca\/resources\/abstracts\/2002-conference-abstracts."},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r8","first-page":"42","article-title":"The Upper Cretaceous Milk River and Lea Park formations in Southeastern Alberta","volume":"29","author":"Meijer Drees","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0007-4802","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1442696","article-title":"Amplitude-versus-offset variations in gas sands","volume":"54","author":"Rutherford","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geophysics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8033","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1441936","article-title":"A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations","volume":"50","author":"Shuey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Geophysics","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0016-8033","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1437170","article-title":"Lithology color-coded seismic sections: The calibration of AVO crossplotting to rock properties","volume":"14","author":"Verm","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Leading Edge"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1623645","article-title":"A comprehensive AVO classification","volume":"22","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Leading Edge"},{"key":"2025120912465136500_r13","first-page":"66","article-title":"Erdbebenwellen VIII B, \u00dcber reflexion und durchgang seismischer wellen durch unstetigkeitsfl\u00e4chen","author":"Zoeppritz","year":"1919","journal-title":"G\u00f6ttinger Nachrichten"}],"container-title":["Interpretation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/interpretation\/article-pdf\/4\/4\/T455\/3008029\/int2016-0036.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/interpretation\/article-pdf\/4\/4\/T455\/3008029\/int2016-0036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T17:46:58Z","timestamp":1765302418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/interpretation\/article\/4\/4\/T455\/309358\/A-case-study-showing-the-value-of-multioffset"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/interpretation.geoscienceworld.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.1190\/INT-2016-0036.1","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/int-2016-0036.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2324-8866","2324-8858"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-8866","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2324-8858","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-02-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-06","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}