{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:36:26Z","timestamp":1775838986413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":55,"URL":"http:\/\/www.niso.org\/schemas\/ali\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007809","name":"Saudi Aramco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007809","name":"Saudi Aramco","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["library.seg.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technologies are now becoming widespread, particularly in vertical seismic profiling (VSP). Being a spatially densely sampled recording of the seismic wavefield, DAS data provide an extended measurement compared with point geophone VSP. We have developed a basic theory that enables an intuitive geophysical understanding of DAS data amplitudes using the concepts of kinetic and potential energy and their fluxes. We start by relating DAS and geophone measurements to potential energy and kinetic energy, respectively. We use this relationship and energy balancing along the well to construct a scheme for inverting DAS and geophone wavefields for density and velocity simultaneously. Then, recognizing that it may be impractical to have geophones and DAS, we adopt a second inversion scheme that eliminates the need for geophones and uses up- and downgoing DAS wavefields instead. There is no need for first-break picking or windowing the data, and the full-length DAS records can be used in both inversion schemes. We test these inversion schemes on 2D elastic synthetics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/int-2021-0036.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T04:34:56Z","timestamp":1630384496000},"page":"SJ23-SJ32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Inverting distributed acoustic sensing data using energy conservation principles"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1214-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir","family":"Kazei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Research Center 1 , Houston, Texas 77084, USA. E-mail: vladimir.kazei@aramcoamericas.com (corresponding author); konstantin.osypov@aramcoamericas.com ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantin","family":"Osypov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aramco Research Center 1 , Houston, Texas 77084, USA. E-mail: vladimir.kazei@aramcoamericas.com (corresponding author); konstantin.osypov@aramcoamericas.com ."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120913544834900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfataierge\n              E.\n            \n            \n              Aldawood\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Bakulin\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Stewart\n              R. R.\n            \n            \n              Merry\n              H.\n            \n          , 2020, Influence of gauge length on DAS VSP data at the Houston research center test well: 90th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 505\u2013509, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1190\/segam2020-3419066.1.","DOI":"10.1190\/segam2020-3419066.1"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL088148","article-title":"Distributed acoustic sensing of seismic properties in a borehole drilled on a fast-owing Greenlandic outlet glacier","volume":"47","author":"Booth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1443880","article-title":"Multiscale seismic waveform inversion","volume":"60","author":"Bunks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Geophysics"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3997\/1365-2397.1983006","article-title":"Velocity filtering of seismic reflection data","volume":"1","author":"Christie","year":"1983","journal-title":"First Break"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r5","volume-title":"Fundamentals of geophysical data processing","author":"Claerbout","year":"1976"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1080\/14786447008640370","article-title":"XVI. On a mechanical theorem applicable to heat","volume":"40","author":"Clausius","year":"1870","journal-title":"The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2478.12419","article-title":"The effect of gauge length on axially incident P-waves measured using fibre optic distributed vibration sensing","volume":"65","author":"Dean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophysical Prospecting"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11986-4","article-title":"Distributed acoustic sensing for seismic monitoring of the near surface: A traffic-noise interferometry case study","volume":"7","author":"Dou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific 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resolve?","volume":"124","author":"Kazei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazei\n              V.\n            \n            \n              Ovcharenko\n              O.\n            \n            \n              Alkhalifah\n              T.\n            \n          , 2020, Velocity model building by deep learning: From general synthetics to field data application: 90th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 1561\u20131565, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1190\/segam2020-3428324.1.","DOI":"10.1190\/segam2020-3428324.1"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025120913544834900_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R711","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2019-0473.1","article-title":"Mapping full seismic waveforms to vertical velocity profiles by deep 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pulse","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470142820.ch4","article-title":"The virial theorem","volume":"58","author":"Marc","year":"1985","journal-title":"Advances in Chemical Physics"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r21","volume-title":"Passive imaging and characterization of the subsurface with distributed acoustic sensing","author":"Martin","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1190\/tle32101278.1","article-title":"Distributed acoustic sensing for reservoir monitoring with VSP","volume":"32","author":"Mateeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Leading Edge"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mateeva\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Zwartjes\n              P.\n            \n          , 2017, Depth 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             Liang\n              L.\n            \n          , 2017, On full-waveform modeling and inversion of fiber-optic VSP data: 87th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 6039\u20136043, doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1190\/segam2017-17652912.1.","DOI":"10.1190\/segam2017-17652912.1"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-2132\/13\/3\/412","article-title":"VSP wave separation by adaptive masking filters","volume":"13","author":"Rao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysics and Engineering"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012613760-6\/50027-9","volume-title":"Scattering","author":"Snieder","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025120913544834900_r34","article-title":"Recent progress in distributed fiber acoustic sensing with 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America"}],"container-title":["Interpretation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/interpretation\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/SJ23\/5454929\/int-2021-0036.1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/seg\/interpretation\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/SJ23\/5454929\/int-2021-0036.1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:54:58Z","timestamp":1765306498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/interpretation\/article\/9\/4\/SJ23\/608586\/Inverting-distributed-acoustic-sensing-data-using"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.geoscienceworld.org\/interpretation\/article\/9\/4\/sj23\/608586\/inverting-distributed-acoustic-sensing-data-using","label":"geoscienceworld"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/int-2021-0036.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2324-8858","2324-8866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2324-8858","type":"print"},{"value":"2324-8866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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