{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T19:01:07Z","timestamp":1765306867486,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["library.seg.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In natural environments, organic-clay interactions are strong and cause organo-clay composites (a combination between organic matter [OM] and clay minerals) to be one of the predominant forms for OM occurrence, and their interactions greatly influence the hydrocarbon (HC) generation of OM within source rocks. However, despite occurring in nature, dominating the OM occurrence, and having unique HC generation ways, organo-clay composites have rarely been investigated as stand-alone petroleum precursors. To improve this understanding, we have compared the Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters derived from more than 100 source rocks and their corresponding &amp;lt;2\u00a0\u03bcm clay-sized fractions (representing organo-clay composites). The results show that all of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis parameters in bulk rocks are closely positively correlated with those in their clay-sized fractions, but in clay-sized fractions the quality of OM for HC generation is poorer, in that the pyrolysable organic carbon levels and hydrogen index values are lower, whereas the residual organic carbon levels are higher than those in bulk rocks. Being integrated with the effects of organic-clay interactions on OM occurrence and HC generation, our results suggest that organo-clay composites are stand-alone petroleum precursors for HC generation occurring in source rocks, even if the source rocks exist in great varieties in their attributes. Our source material for HC generation comprehensively integrates the original OM occurrence and HC generation behavior in natural environments, which differs from kerogen and is much closer to the actual source material of HC generation in source rocks, and it calls for further focus on organic-mineral interactions in studies of petroleum systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1190\/int-2021-0126.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T11:25:23Z","timestamp":1642332323000},"page":"SD1-SD9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1190\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparisons of pyrolysis parameters between source rocks and their clay-sized fractions: Implication for source material of hydrocarbon generation"],"prefix":"10.1190","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University 1 , State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China. xjzhu@tongji.edu.cn (corresponding author)"}]},{"given":"Jingong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University 1 , State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China. jgcai@tongji.edu.cn"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC 2 , Shanghai Offshore Oil and Gas Company, Institute of Exploration and Development, Shanghai 200120, China. liuf.shhy@sinopec.com"}]},{"given":"Qisheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University 1 , State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China. 393999022@qq.com"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tongji University 3 , State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China; , Science and Technology Service Platform, Jinan 250000, China. 786637968@qq.com"},{"name":"Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) 3 , State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Shanghai 200092, China; , Science and Technology Service Platform, Jinan 250000, China. 786637968@qq.com"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Branch of CNOOC Ltd. 4 , Shanghai 200335, China. 379438655@qq.com"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC 5 , Shengli Oilfield Company, Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Dongying 257015, China. liuq_1230@sina.com"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SINOPEC 5 , Shengli Oilfield Company, Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Dongying 257015, China. lizheng151512@163.com"}]}],"member":"186","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120913590364900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2516\/ogst:2001013","article-title":"Rock-Eval 6 technology: Performances and developments","volume":"56","author":"Behar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oil & Gas Science and Technology"},{"key":"2025120913590364900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(96)00394-8","article-title":"The effect of grain size and surface area on organic matter, lignin and carbohydrate concentration, and molecular compositions in Peru margin sediments","volume":"61","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica 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