{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T11:56:48Z","timestamp":1761393408438,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Perfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Arterial blood carbon dioxide tension (P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) is important to the conduct of perfusion with alpha-stat or pH-stat strategy. Temperature changes during CBP complicate any attempts to monitor carbon dioxide tension in the exhaust outlet of an oxygenator (P<jats:sub>ex<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) because CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> becomes more soluble with decreasing temperatures. Normally, this would have been the obvious and easy choice of method to indirectly measure the patient\u2019s P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Several tests have been performed with ordinary capnographs modified to measure pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at the oxygenator exhaust gas port. These tests have shown varying degrees of precision ( Br J Anaesth 1999; 82(6): 843-46; J Extra-Corpor Technol 2003; 35(3): 218-23; Br J Anaesth 2000; 84: 536; J Extra-Corpor Technol 1994; 26: 64-67). Some of the best results have been achieved by Potger et al. ( J Extra-Corpor Technol 2003; 35(3): 218-23), who found a strong correlation between the arterial temperature-corrected P<jats:sub>ex<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> when using a standard capnograph monitoring the P<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measured from a blood gas analyser (P<jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Our group has developed a new instrument, especially designed for oxygenator gas exhaust monitoring. The new instrument has automatic temperature correction, enabling it to show both original and corrected pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values, simultaneously. Ordinary capnograph functions, such as zeroing, flow control and calibration routines, are included. The solution consists of a pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensor module, a temperature sensor, a water trap and a dedicated PC mounted on a heart-lung machine. Since the heart-lung machine was already equipped with a computer for data logging and a temperature sensor, only a box containing the pCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sensor module and the water trap had to be added. <\/jats:p><jats:p> The PC uses a specially written program designed to collect data, make the necessary calculations and display the results on the computer screen. A temperature correction was developed based on a linear regression analysis for a data-set of 15 patients, assuming that the deviation between the measured P<jats:sub>ex<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from the oxygenator exhaust outlet and the P<jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> from the blood gas analyser was linearly dependent on arterial temperature alone. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Eighty-six blood gas samples were compared to the corrected P<jats:sub>ex<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values. The final product displayed good qualities of stability and was accurate when temperature fluctuated from 32 to 388C, even during rewarming, which has been reported to be a problem for other P<jats:sub>ex<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> investigations ( J Extra-Corpor Technol 2003; 35(3): 218-23). <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,12]],"date-time":"2006-01-12T21:19:12Z","timestamp":1137100752000},"page":"13-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of an instrument to indirectly monitor arterial pCO2 during                 cardiopulmonary bypass"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jan Olav","family":"H\u00f8getveit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering, Rikshospitalet, Oslo,                         Norway,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frode","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thore H","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.6.843"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/2003353218","volume":"35","author":"Potger KC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Extra-Corpor Technol"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013487"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/199426264","volume":"26","author":"McCloskey D","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Extra-Corpor Technol"}],"container-title":["Perfusion"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T23:21:07Z","timestamp":1740784867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0267659106pf841oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0267-6591","1477-111X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0267-6591"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-111X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}}}