{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:58:17Z","timestamp":1789718297192,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To examine the effects of one-point and four-point canes on postural sway and on the distribution of weight between the lower extremities and the walking aids in hemiparetic patients. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Setting: Flieman Geriatric Rehabilitation Hospital, Haifa, Israel. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Subjects: Thirty hemiparetic patients following a unilateral stroke, with moderate functional impairment, and 20 age-matched healthy subjects. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Intervention: Subjects were tested on two forceplates, which were placed at a 30\u00b0 angle from each other with the heel end of the plates separated by 3 cm. Each subject was tested under three conditions: with no cane, with a one-point cane, and with a four-point cane. Testing time was 30 seconds, and order of testing was randomized. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Outcome measures: Weight borne by the lower extremities and by the walking aids expressed as a percentage of overall body weight, and Sway Index indicating vertical pressure \u2018uctuations over both feet. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: In both subject groups, the one-point cane did not reduce sway signi\u201dcantly in comparison with no cane, while the four-point cane reduced sway signi\u201dcantly in comparison with both no cane and one-point cane. Neither cane type affected weight-bearing on the paretic leg, while signi\u201dcantly reducing weight-bearing on the uninvolved extremity. Mean percentage of body weight on the four-point cane was signi\u201dcantly higher than on the one-point cane <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions: A four-point cane increases stability of moderately involved hemiparetic patients during stance more than a one-point cane. The noted shift of weight toward the walking aid does not adversely affect weight-bearing on the paretic limb. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T12:37:23Z","timestamp":1027773443000},"page":"141-148","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Effects of one-point and four-point canes on balance and weight distribution in patients with hemiparesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yocheved","family":"Laufer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.130"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09593989509022407"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500674231381"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02446228"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-6362(93)90022-S"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"98","volume":"39","author":"Smith ME","year":"1981","journal-title":"Health Bull"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Stroke rehabilitation","author":"Brandstater ME","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Adult hemiplegia: evaluation and treatment","author":"Bobath, B","year":"1990"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-57022-3"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09593989609036422"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921598669871795"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/026921599666307333"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"281","volume":"74","author":"Milczarek JJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288809164105"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.35"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Turner DM. Evaluation of the Tetras Interactive Balance System and Equitest using normal subjects. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(87)90049-2"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"535","volume":"43","author":"Joyce BM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Biostatistical analysis","author":"Zar JH","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(00)00093-X"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"326","author":"Alexander NB","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.19"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559100500302"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09593989009048293"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:21:37Z","timestamp":1740806497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269215502cr481oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2155","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}