{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:52:30Z","timestamp":1790736750575,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To investigate the effect of perceptual learning exercises for hardness discrimination by the soles on standing balance in stroke patients with hemiplegia. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Subjects: Twenty-eight subjects were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group and participated in a rehabilitation programme. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Intervention: The experimental group received perceptual learning exercises on hardness discrimination using three different levels of hardness of a rubber sponge for 10 days. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Main measures: Length, enveloped area and rectangular area of the parameter of postural sway were measured by a stabilometer on entry into the study and after 10 days. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: Twenty-six subjects completed the study. Data indicate that more parameters indicating postural sway were significantly decreased in the experimental group than in the control group. Also, there was a significant difference between the groups in change scores (pre-exercise minus postexercise) of length and enveloped area. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusion: The plantar perception exercise used as a method in this study is considered to be effective as a supplemental exercise for standing balance. The possibility of clinical application using the hardness discrimination task with rubber as a balance exercise is therefore suggested. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T04:54:52Z","timestamp":1061528092000},"page":"600-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effects of perceptual learning exercises on standing balance using a hardness discrimination task in hemiplegic patients following stroke: a randomized controlled pilot trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shu","family":"Morioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Kochi School of Allied Health and Medical Professions, Kochi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumio","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.5.553"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2340\/165019771996217223","volume":"28","author":"Peterson H","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"395","volume":"69","author":"Shumway-Cook A","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"755","volume":"70","author":"Winstein CJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026921559300700302"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"77","volume":"66","author":"Dettmann MA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/80.9.886"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199810050-00021"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0869e.x"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200210280-00025"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01655-X"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"61","volume":"20","author":"Okubo J","year":"1980","journal-title":"Agressologie"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000615"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"983","volume":"73","author":"McRae JF","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T16:56:50Z","timestamp":1740848210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269215503cr654oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2155","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}