{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:49:03Z","timestamp":1790282943266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: To contribute to the reliability and validity of a series of functional balance tests for use post stroke. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Design: Within-session, test-retest and intertester reliability was tested using the kappa coefficient and intraclass correlations. The tests were performed three times and the first and third attempts compared to test the within-session reliability. The tests were repeated a few days later to assess test-retest reliability and were scored simultaneously by two physiotherapists to assess the intertester reliability. To test criterion-related validity the tests were compared with the sitting section of the Motor Assessment Scale, Berg Balance Scale and Rivermead Mobility Index using Spearman's rho. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Setting: Stroke physiotherapy services of six National Health Service hospitals. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Participants: People with a post stroke hemiplegia attending physiotherapy who had no other pathology affecting their balance took part. Thirty-five people participated in the reliability testing and 48 people took part in the validity testing. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Main outcome measures: The following functional balance tests were used: supported sitting balance, sitting arm raise, sitting forward reach, supported standing balance, standing arm raise, standing forward reach, static tandem standing, weight shift, timed 5-m walk with and without an aid, tap and step-up tests. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results: The ordinal level tests (supported sitting and standing balance and static tandem standing tests) showed 100% agreement in all aspects of reliability. Intraclass correlations for the other tests ranged from 0.93 to 0.99. All the tests showed significant correlations with the appropriate comparator tests (r=0.32-0.74 p\u22640.05), except the weight shift test and step-up tests which did not form significant relationship with Berg Balance Scale (r=0.26 and 0.19 respectively). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusion: These functional balance tests are reliable and valid measures of balance disability post stroke. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,17]],"date-time":"2004-11-17T23:48:08Z","timestamp":1100735288000},"page":"916-923","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Reliability and validity of functional balance tests post stroke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sarah F","family":"Tyson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research into Rehabilitation, Department of Health and Social Care, Brunel University, London; Centre for Rehabilitation and Human Performance, University of Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine H","family":"DeSouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research into Rehabilitation, Department of Health and Social Care, Brunel University, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Evaluation of physiotherapy for people with stroke","author":"Partridge C","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Physiotherapy in stroke management","author":"Ashburn A","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"177","volume":"7","author":"Tyson S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"87","volume":"7","author":"Tyson S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/108331902235001994"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Measurement in neurological rehabilitation","author":"Wade DT","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.10.1052"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"4257","volume":"48","author":"Hill KD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phys Can"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0963828021000013944"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215504cr744oa"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/65.2.175"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb12","first-page":"S7","volume":"83","author":"Berg K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799109166684"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03790799009166594"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.6.M192"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/70.4.234"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb02068.x"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.150"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/64.1.35"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.9396"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner D","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/ptr.1998.3.1.19"}],"container-title":["Clinical Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T16:16:41Z","timestamp":1740932201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0269215504cr821oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2155","1477-0873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2155","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}