{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T16:57:56Z","timestamp":1760547476085,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxicol Ind Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The objectives of this study was to establish the kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (UTTCA) for workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and to investigate the effects of volume and creatinine adjustment methods for urine measurement. Ten workers in the spinning department of a rayon factory were individually monitored for airborne CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations, with consecutive urine samples collected for 24-38 hours after termination of exposure. The U-TTCA, urine volume and creatinine level were measured for each sample. First-order and biphasic kinetics were determined using the curve-fit method, for the measurement series. For the first-order kinetics linearity fit, statistically significant correlation coefficients of 0.74-0.98 and 0.86-0.99 were derived for the volume- and creatinine-adjusted methods, respectively. For the biphasic kinetics approach, the overall correlation coefficients were 0.544-0.999 and 0.171-0.999 for the first and second phases of the creatinine-adjusted method, respectively. A post-shift U-TTCA of 3.0 mg\/g Cr. equivalent, 40% below the current BEI setting at nearly PEL exposed level, was found. In conclusion, first-order kinetic response was confirmed for U-TTCA. Both volume- and creatinine-based urine adjustment are satisfactory for TTCA assessment as a biomarker of individual CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure although the correlation for creatinine-based measurement was modestly superior to the volume-based analogue. Based on the results of this study, we recommend a re-evaluation of the current biological exposure index of 5 mg\/g creatinine at a CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure level of 10 ppm. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0748233702th125oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,28]],"date-time":"2003-04-28T22:12:40Z","timestamp":1051567960000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Biological monitoring of carbon disulphide: kinetics of urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in exposed workers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ho-Yuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd. 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chieh","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 138 Sheng-Li Rd. 70428, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng-Yau","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chun-Li, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tung-Sheng","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, No. 99 Lane 407, Heng-Ke Rd, Shijr City, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"3","volume":"74","author":"Anonymous","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408448309128255"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669391355134"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700080209"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02493017"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.6.404"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb07062.x"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). 2000: Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonezentrationen und biologische Arbeitsstofftoleranzwerte. 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