{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:35:32Z","timestamp":1777667732784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Petroleum products are highly complex chemical mixtures consisting predominantly of hydrocarbons. Their composition varies with source and intended use of the product. Virtually all are blended products that come into contact with man in a wide range of circumstances. Their toxicity for man is generally low and the use of additives rarely affects the toxicity of the final product. Because products are blended to meet performance, and not chemical specifications, their composition varies significantly. Management of toxicity benefits from simplified guidelines that consider the product by its type. Management in most cases is symptomatic, but the doctor needs to be aware of the potential for development of sequelae such as aspiration pneumonia and central nervous system (CNS) depression. Local and systemic effects of exposure to hydrocarbons are reviewed, as are immediate assessment and recommended management of acute exposure to petroleum products. Because of the large scope of this subject, this paper limits itself to acute toxicity of petroleum products encountered inthe public domain. It does not address topics such as chronic toxicity, solvent abuse, petrochemicals, or pesticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096032701718620918","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,3]],"date-time":"2003-04-03T19:38:43Z","timestamp":1049398723000},"page":"551-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment and management of acute poisoning by petroleum products"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"F K","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J A","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Accident and Emergency Medicine, Imperial College                         School of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Queen Elizabeth the Queen                         Mother Wing, South Wharf Road, London W2 1NY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Environment monograph"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"261","volume":"21","author":"Elias PS","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Praventimed"},{"issue":"8","key":"atypb3","first-page":"269","volume":"7","author":"Entschel R","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chimia 40"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"291","volume":"8","author":"Hewstone RK","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxic Subst J"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"CONCAWE reports, published by CONCAWE, Madouplein 1,1210 Brussel, Belgium.                 92\/101: Aromatic extracts; 92\/102: Liquefied petroleum gas; 92\/103: Gasolines;                 92\/104: Bitumens and bitumen derivatives; 93\/105: Petroleum coke; 94\/106:                 Kerosines\/jet fuels; 95\/107: Gas oils (diesel fuels\/healing oils); 97\/ 108:                 Lubricating oil basestocks; 98\/109: Heavy fuel oils; 6\/96 Catalogue of CONCAWE                 reports; 1\/97, Petroleum products \u2014 first aid emergency and medical advice."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(97)90193-5"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6742.41"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718900800403"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199703)23:3<233::AID-PPUL11>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.2.e19"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01480549909029729"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/51.1.119"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.795.29"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(76)81072-4"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)81276-6"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719801700206"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"357","volume":"34","author":"Chyka PA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320080026021"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03180010023004","volume":"214","author":"Bass M","year":"1970","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718900800405"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03180010023004"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198003000-00007"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7044.1436"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(91)90131-W"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79183-2"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Clinical Toxicology; European Association of Poisons                 Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. 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