{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:13:39Z","timestamp":1777666419648,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Seventy Swiss albino mice (6-week-old male) were selected for the investigation into aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    's role in the cause of kwashiorkor. The mice were divided randomly into four groups. They were grouped within each group by being fed either low or normal protein level diets supplemented with very small amounts of aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (0.5 mg\/day). The control groups were fed aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    -free diets containing either normal or low protein levels. All groups were monitored for 7 weeks. The increase in body weight was found to be low in groups I and II, given diets contaminated with aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Although groups II and IV, which were given low dietary protein, showed remarkable decreases in serum total protein and albumin levels (group II: total protein 4.1\u00b1-0.1 g\/dL, albumin 2.6\u00b1-0.8 g\/dL and group IV: total protein 4.6\u00b1-1.3 g\/dL, albumin 2.8\u00b1-0.82 g\/dL) when compared with the groups fed a normal dietary protein level (group I: total protein 5.9\u00b1-1.3 g\/dL, albumin 3.4\u00b1-0.7 g\/dL and group III: total protein 5.4\u00b1-1.6 g\/dL, albumin 3.5\u00b1-1.2 g\/dL; P B-0.05). The statistical difference between these two groups was found not to be significant (P -0.05). However, decreases in total protein and albumin levels were a little more prominent in group II. In addition, histopatological changes of the liver was remarkable in the group fed a low protein diet and aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    when compared with the group fed only a low protein diet and no aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    . More significantly, however, was the increase in liver weight in both groups fed a low protein diet (groups II and IV). Our conclusion is that aflatoxin B\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    could not have contributed to the development of kwashiorkor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327103ht342oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T18:54:01Z","timestamp":1051815241000},"page":"155-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effects of aflatoxin B1 on the development of kwashiorkor in mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Can Naci","family":"Kocabas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University Faculty of                         Medicine, SWhhiye, Ankara, Turkey 06100"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of                         Medicine, SWhhiye, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Yurdak\u00f6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatalogy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine,                         SWhhiye, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rwfkw","family":"Hazwrog\u00c6lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary,                         DW\u015fkapW, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.8.48.423"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90256-7"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-198809000-00001"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.88.2.376","volume":"88","author":"Hendrickse RG","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90400-1"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1988.11748585"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"273","volume":"38","author":"Apeagyei F","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6345.843"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90266-X","volume":"80","author":"Waterlow JC","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00984109708984048"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841098158368"},{"key":"atypb12","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Mycotoxins and N-nitroso compounds: environmental risks","author":"Busby WF","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Environmental health criteria 2","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.1.110","volume":"90","author":"Jelliffe RG","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pedatrics"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/37.6.300"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/98.2.202"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(96)06446-7"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"840","volume":"27","author":"Kingsley GR","year":"1942","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"atypb19","first-page":"444","volume-title":"Methods in enzymatic analysis","author":"Horder M","year":"1983"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1985.tb14229.x"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"1223","volume":"80","author":"Madhavan TV","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/13.10.1853"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09261-7"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7354.20"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; 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