{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:15:20Z","timestamp":1777666520232,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L\/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 \u00d7 number of comets in category NM + 2 \u00d7 number of comets in category LM + 3 \u00d7number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327104ht463oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]],"date-time":"2004-07-16T22:44:29Z","timestamp":1090017869000},"page":"413-419","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cetin","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara Training and                         Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ela","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Gazi,                         Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hulya","family":"Basar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of                         K1r1kkale, K1r1kkale, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Semra","family":"Sardas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330                         Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/82.5.764"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00099-0"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/16.2.139"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Overall evaluations of carcinogenecity: an updating of IARC Monographs","author":"IARC","year":"1987"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/76.3.435"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199704000-00022"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199212000-00017"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(01)00159-0"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200112000-00028"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg030"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-1878(199903)21:3<238::AID-BIES8>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Free radicals in biology and medicine","author":"Halliwell B","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Environmental mutagenesis","author":"Tice RR","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010656"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0"},{"key":"atypb16","first-page":"16","volume":"203","author":"Collins AR","year":"2002","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"atypb17","first-page":"539","volume":"13","author":"Anderson D","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muta-genesis"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8777(98)00053-6"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00187-3"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(98)00195-8"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(05)80050-7"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1218(92)90253-V"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(01)00298-6"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(02)00055-8"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00089-7"},{"key":"atypb26","first-page":"1291","volume":"56","author":"Duthie SJ","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(97)04669-7"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00238-F"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-2109(97)00137-3"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0844(199912)17:4<253::AID-CBF837>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783872"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; 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