{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:29:43Z","timestamp":1777667383791,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]],"date-time":"1999-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":938736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,10]]},"abstract":"\n 1 Several ozonides, peroxides and aldehydes are formed during ozone therapy, recently introduced in medicine. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and diamide were investigated as model substrate in rat hepatoma-derived Fa32 cells. 2 The cytotoxicity was measured by the neutral red uptake inhibition assay after 1 h or 24 h treatment. The relative toxicities were quantified by the determination of the NI\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n . This is the concentration of test compound required to induce an inhibition of 50% in neutral red uptake as compared to the control cells. All test chemicals were more toxic after 24 h than after 1h. 3 The influence of the glutathione (GSH) alteration on the cytotoxicity was measured by treating the cells with 2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid (OTC) or L-buthio-nine sulfoximine (BSO). OTC increased the endogenous GSH content in the cells. BSO pretreatment strongly decreased the NI\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n of the three chemicals. OTC pretreatment increased the NI\n 50<\/jats:sub>\n of H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n but not of t-BHP and diamide. This can be explained by the strong GSH-depletion after 1 h by t-BHP and diamide, which contrasted with a weak GSH-depletion by H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n after the same time period. 4 The three test chemicals increased the endogenousGSH content after 24 h. t-BHP and H\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ,butnot diamide, increased the total GSH transferase (GST) activity. Several alterations of the GST subunits were observed. Most striking was the increase of class alpha GST subunits, also for diamide. 5 SinceH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and t-BHP are ozone metabolites thought to be responsible for the therapeutic effects of well-dosed ozone, the results show that Fa32 cells can be used as a valuable alternative model system for studying the effects encountered in human ozone therapy.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096032799678839482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,3]],"date-time":"2003-04-03T19:38:43Z","timestamp":1049398723000},"page":"627-633","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Glutathione protection against hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and diamide cytotoxicity in rat hepatoma-derived Fa32 cells"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"P J","family":"Dierickx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Van Nuffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Institute of Public Health, Afdeling Toxikologie, Wytsmantraat 14, B-1050 Brussel, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Proceedings 12th World Congress of the International Ozone Association: Ozone in Medicine; 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