{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:28:58Z","timestamp":1782602938711,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: Valvular lesions are frequently present in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (PAPS) patients using transthoracic and\/or transesophageal echocardiography. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cardiac abnormalities (valvular thickening and\/or regurgitation) or potential embolic sources (spontaneous echocontrast and\/or vegetations) in PAPS patients. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods: Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography was performed consecutively on 40 PAPS patients: 17 of them with thrombocytopenia, 27 with at least one thromboembolic event (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, arterial and\/or venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) and 14 with recurrent fetal loss. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Design: Cardiac involvement (cardiac abnormalities and\/or embolic sources) was present in 33\/40 (82%) of PAPS patients. According to aCL titer these lesions were revealed in 17\/24 (71%) of patients with aCL &lt; 40 GPL-U, while these lesions were present in 100% of patients with aCL &gt; 40 GPL-U. Three patients presented mitral stenosis and 3 non-infective valve masses or vegetations. Embolic sources were found in 4\/24 (17%) patients with aCL &lt;40 GPL-U, while they were observed in 6\/16 (37%) of patients with titer of aCL &gt;40 GPL-U (X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>- 10.03, P &lt;0.01). Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between mitral valve thickening and aCL antibodies titer (r= 0.5; P&lt;0.001). <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions: Valvular lesions are commonly found in PAPS patients. Our data showed a significant correlation among aCL titer, mitral leaflets thickening and thromboembolic events. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,12]],"date-time":"2003-11-12T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1068641116000},"page":"406-412","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Evaluation of cardiac abnormalities and embolic sources in primary                 antiphospholipid syndrome by transesophageal echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Turiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine II, University of Milan, L Sacco Hospital, Via GB                         Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy. Tel: (+ 39) 02 390 425 42; Fax: (+ 39) 02 356                         463 0;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Muzzupappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Gottardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Crema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine II; 'L Sacco' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Sarzi-Puttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit; 'L Sacco' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine, 'L Sacco' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91477-4"},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"2                      Galve E                 ,                      Ordi-Ross J                 ,                      Soler-Soler J                 .                      Coagulation disorders                 . In:                      Daniel WG                 ,                      Kronzon I                 ,                      Mugge A                  (eds.). Cardiogenic Embolism. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins                 , 1996; pp 229-238."},{"key":"atypb3","first-page":"313","volume":"78","author":"Italian Registry of Antiphospholipid Antibodies (IR-APA).","year":"1993","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00024-8"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.2.920"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90749-Y"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339100100108"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-116-4-293"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(93)90124-R"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(94)90108-2"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.8.1579"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70424-2"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199611073351903"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90368-W"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(89)90337-9"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00060-5"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.9.1660"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(05)80034-3"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(94)90139-2"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/26.5.324"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648143"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.75.1.175"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80254-1"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90644-0"},{"key":"atypb25","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Cardiogenic Embolism.","author":"Kats ED","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1924.00110300044002"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000176663"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.2.369"},{"key":"atypb29","first-page":"933","volume":"322","author":"Khamashta MA","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/096120300678828532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/096120300678828532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T12:45:50Z","timestamp":1740833150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/096120300678828532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/096120300678828532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/096120300678828532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-2033","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]}}}