{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T17:36:49Z","timestamp":1783705009999,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We have evaluated the incidence of lupus erythematosus (LE)-specific skin disease in 186 patients with LE, seen retrospectively over a 1 0-year period at our Dermatology Department and determined the correlation of LE-nonspecific skin disease in patients with systemic involvement. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Chronic cutaneous LE (CCLE) with classical discoid lesions (localized, 70%; generalized, 30%) was the most common cutaneous manifestation (72.5%). Subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) represented only 8% of LE skin disease (annular-polycyclic type, 73%; papulo-squamous type, 27%). Acute cutaneous LE (ACLE) was detected in 15% of our patients: the butterfly erythema was the most frequent skin lesion (96%) while only one case of bullous LE and one case of widespread maculo-papular eruption in association with malar erythema were demonstrated. In 8 patients no LE-specific skin lesions (lupus sine lupo) were found. <\/jats:p><jats:p> LE-nonspecific skin lesions were found in 31% of our patients with systemic LE (SLE): Raynaud's phenomenon was found in 23\/58 (39.6%), cutaneous small vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis in 8\/58 (13.7%), nonscarring alopecia in 18\/58 (31%), lupus pernio in 6\/58 (10.3%), hemorrhagic lesions in 4\/58 (6.8%), livedo reticularis in 5\/58 (8.6%), mucosal ulcers in 3\/58 (5.1%) and periungual telangiectasia in 12\/58 (20.6%) SLE patients. LE-nonspecific skin lesions are detected only in patients with SLE and usually in the active phases of the disease. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,12]],"date-time":"2003-11-12T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1068641116000},"page":"417-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["The spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in lupus erythematosus\u2014the                 Italian experience"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Cardinali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Dermatologica I, UniversitA degli Studi di Firenze, Via degli                         Alfani 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy. Tel: +39 55 2758801; Fax: +39 55 2347374;                         Department of Dermatology, University of                         Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Caproni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Bernacchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Amato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fabbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)80261-7"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2                      Fabbri P                 . 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