{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:37:52Z","timestamp":1773419872270,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Data related to the disease course of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with special attention tothepersistence of disease activity in the long term are scarce. At this moment reliable figures are only knownabout the survival rate as a measure of outcome. The aim of this multicenter study was to describe the outcome ofSLE patients with a disease duration of greater than 10 y.Outcome parameters were two disease activity-scoring systems (SLEDAI and ECLAM), the end organ damage (SLICC\/ACR damage index) and treatment. Our results are derived from 187SLE patients followed at 10 different centres in Europe over a period of 1 y. Serious clinical signs or exacerbations, defined by the occurrence or detoriation of already existing symptoms of renal and cerebral nervous systems were observed in 2 \u2010 11% of the patients,seizures and psychosis in 3%, proteinuria in 11% and an increase in serum creatinine in 5% of the patients. No change took place in the overall damage index. Yet, the diseasecourse in most patients was characterized by periods of tiredness (42 \u2010 60%), arthritis (20 \u2010 25%), skin involvement such as malar rash (32 \u2010 40%), migraine (15 \u2010 20%), anaemia(15%) and leucopenia (17 \u2010 19%). Summarizing these results it is shown that patients, still under care after such a long time of having this disease, do have a disease that is far from extinguished. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096120301666282314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,12]],"date-time":"2003-11-12T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1068641116000},"page":"51-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Systemic lupus erythematosus. Disease outcome in patients with a disease                 duration of at least 10 years: second evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"A JG","family":"Swaak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AJG Swaak, Department of Rheumatology, Medisch Centrum Rijnmond                         Zuid,Groene Hilledijlk 315, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H G","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R JT","family":"Smeenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Auto-immune Diseases, Central Laboratory Blood Transfusion                         Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Manger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J R","family":"Kalden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical                         Immunology, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Tosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z","family":"Domljan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, University Hospital                         Zagreb,Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Rozman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Logar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Dr Peter Drzaj Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Pokorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, Dr A. Szent-Gyorgyi Medical                         University Centre, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Institute, Dr A. Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University                         Centre, Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P G","family":"Vlachoyiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H M","family":"Moutsopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National University of                         Athens, Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Chwalinska-Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, Institute of Rheumatology,                         Warsaw, Poland; 11Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of                         Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Debrecen,                         Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Cikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Anic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of ClinicalImmunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,                         University Hospital Center, Zagreb"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic, Department of Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine University,                         Dusseldorf, 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