{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T14:37:50Z","timestamp":1761057470933,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]],"date-time":"2002-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1017619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The recurrence of widespread and diverse vascular lesions is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inflammatory and thrombotic mechanisms almost invariably associated with circulating antiphospholipidantibodies play a role in the pathogenesisof SLE-related vascular disease. Both mechanisms can coexist in the same patient. Vasculitis is most commonly induced by the local deposition of immune complexes. However, some SLE patients have an inflammatory complement-mediated vascular injury in the absence of immune complex deposition. <\/jats:p><jats:p> We report on a fatal case of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in a young woman with active SLE. Hemorrhagic lesions due to localized intravascular coagulation (Shwartzman phenomenon) preceded disseminated intravascular coagulation accompanied by disseminated cardiac necrosis. Immune complex \u2018independent\u2019 and other mechanisms of vascular injury and states of hypercoagulability will be discussed. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T20:07:41Z","timestamp":1034366861000},"page":"204-207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Shwartzman phenomenon in a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus                 preceding fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Riemekasten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humboldt University                         of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical                         Immunology, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital, Schumannstr. 20\/21,                         D-10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Ziemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin,                         Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"H\u00e4upl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humboldt University                         of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Loddenkemper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humboldt University                         of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Hauptmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital, Humboldt                         University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G R","family":"Burmester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Hiepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humboldt University                         of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1965.03870010085011"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.2830420210"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199805000-00005"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"525","volume":"91","author":"Caramaschi P","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rec Prog Med"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.6.1842"},{"volume-title":"Phenomenon of Local Tissue Reactivity","year":"1937","author":"Shwartzman G","key":"atypb6"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-11-941"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390103"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.137.6.1893","volume":"137","author":"Pohlman TH","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(97)90468-6"}],"container-title":["Lupus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T07:35:46Z","timestamp":1740814546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0961203302lu193xx","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-2033","1477-0962"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0961-2033"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-0962"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,4]]}}}