{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:34:12Z","timestamp":1770064452024,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lupus"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Chilblain lupus erythematosus (CL) of Hutchinson is a subtype of lupus erythematosus (LE) characterized by erythematous lesions induced by cold, damp climates. A number of patients affected by CL eventually develop features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).We report here 9 patients with chilblain cutaneous lesions, 6 of them were affected by SLE and 2 by SCLE. The onset of CL preceded the diagnosis of LE, from 1 to 10 years in 3 cases, it was concurrent in one case and was subsequent in the remaining 4 cases. Raynaud's phenomenon and photosensitivity were other prominent clinical features in patients with CL. Nailfold capillaroscopy revealed pathological changes in every patient examined. ANA and anti-SSA\/Ro antibodies were detected in all nine patients. Anti-SSB\/La were detected in 2 cases, anti-Sm in one case, and anti Sm and anti-RNP in a one case. Antibodies to dsDNA and complement consumption were found in the six patients with SLE. The fine specificity of anti-SSA\/Ro was determined by immunoblotting: anti-60kD and anti-52 kD were detected in three sera, anti-60kD alone in 5 sera, while one serum did not blot. <\/jats:p><jats:p> In conclusion, the present study suggests that chilblain LE is associated with SSA\/Ro autoantibodies, as is SCLE, hypergammaglobulinemic purpura and neonatal lupus erythematosus. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/096120399678847632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,12]],"date-time":"2003-11-12T12:45:16Z","timestamp":1068641116000},"page":"215-219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Chilblain lupus erythematosus is associated with antibodies to SSA\/Ro"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit; Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Servizio di                         Immunologia Clinica-Spedali Civili, P.le Spedali Civili, 1; 25100-Brescia                         ITALY;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Calzavara-Pinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology; Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Quinzanini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Cavazzana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bettoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit; Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Zane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Facchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Air\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit; Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D P","family":"McCauliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Cattaneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Unit; Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"58","volume":"1","author":"Hutchinson J","year":"1888","journal-title":"The varieties of common lupus. 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