{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T19:24:19Z","timestamp":1766690659625,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stat Methods Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The causative agents of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) and of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) are currently indistinguishable. However, the route(s) by which humans became infected remain unknown. The path by which humans were infected with the BSE agent might impact on the geographical distribution of cases and we therefore sought evidence of regional variation and local clustering of vCJD cases. With the notable exception of a group of five cases in Leicestershire, the absence of local clustering of vCJD cases is compatible with most human exposure to the vCJD agent arising through routes that result in the risk of infection being similar over wide geographical areas, rather than through small-scale local events. Infection through the consumption of mechanically recovered meat (MRM) contaminated with the BSE agent was a potential route for such widespread exposure. An ecological analysis relating the regional incidence of vCJD to historical dietary data does not provide a clear evidence that humans became infected through consumption of MRM. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0962280203sm332ra","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,23]],"date-time":"2003-05-23T23:31:58Z","timestamp":1053732718000},"page":"235-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The geographical distribution of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases in                 the UK: what can we learn from it?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Cousens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene                         and Tropical Medicine, London, UK,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Everington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National CJD Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hester JT","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National CJD Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Huillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene                         and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G","family":"Will","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National CJD Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene                         and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91412-9"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.121.18.419"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383685a0"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39057"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/147666502321082737"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/147666502321082728"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/147666502321082719"},{"volume-title":"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in the UK","year":"2002","author":"National CJD Surveillance Unit","key":"atypb8"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"638","volume":"123","author":"Wilesmith JW","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"volume-title":"New claims link CJD to water supply","year":"1997","author":"Young R.","key":"atypb10"},{"volume-title":"BSE waste sprayed on land","year":"1996","author":"Watkins A.","key":"atypb11"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.9.199"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528716"},{"key":"atypb14","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Methods for investigating localized clustering of disease","author":"Cuzick J","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000130)19:2<191::AID-SIM281>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780140809"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2982708"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009247"},{"volume-title":"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in the UK","year":"2000","author":"National CJD Surveillance Unit","key":"atypb19"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04236-7"},{"volume-title":"Dietary and nutritional survey of British adults","year":"1990","author":"Gregory J","key":"atypb21"},{"volume-title":"Household food consumption and expenditure: 1988","year":"1989","author":"National Food Survey Committee","key":"atypb22"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"SaTScan v.3.0: software for the spatial and space-time scan statistics                 [program]. 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