{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T22:06:37Z","timestamp":1765231597190,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]],"date-time":"2005-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stat Methods Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Bayesian methods provide flexibility in the analysis of data from multicentre trials that would be difficult to achieve by other means. This paper illustrates some useful applications of Bayesian methods to the analysis of multicentre trials, with emphasis on insights that would be difficult to obtain using conventional frequentist methods. Two trials provide data for illustration: a large multicentre trial comparing two doses of a drug with placebo with respect to an essentially continuous measurement for which the original analysis revealed a significant treatment by centre effect, and a large multicentre trial with intraclass correlation induced by a categorical outcome of up to four episodes of heartburn reported by individual patients. The data from both trials had been analysed previously using conventional frequentist methods. Both sets of data were reanalysed using Bayesian and empirical Bayesian methods; all of the analyses provided the same conclusions for the key questions regarding treatment differences. The Bayesian methods provided some insights useful for model checking and also provided a way to explore some important quantitative aspects about the magnitude of treatment effects. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,21]],"date-time":"2005-05-21T16:10:42Z","timestamp":1116691842000},"page":"249-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bayesian analysis of multicentre trial outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"A Lawrence","family":"Gould","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"577","volume":"61","author":"Cornfield J.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb2","DOI":"10.2307\/2528565"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb3","DOI":"10.2307\/2530969"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb4","first-page":"93","volume":"35","author":"Racine A","year":"1986","journal-title":"Applied Statistics-Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"453","volume-title":"Bayesian statistics 3","author":"Spiegelhalter DJ","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb6","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Bayesian biostatistics","author":"Spiegelhalter DJ","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1993.tb01465.x","volume":"55","author":"Gilks WR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B-Methodological"},{"issue":"1","key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00885.x","volume":"34","author":"Lindley DV","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B-Methodological"},{"unstructured":"Spiegelhalter DJ, Thomas A, Best NG, Gilks WR. WinBugs Version 1.4 User                 Manual. MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge,                 UK 2002. (ftp.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk)","key":"atypb9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb10","DOI":"10.1080\/10920277.2001.10595987"},{"volume-title":"Bayesian Statistical modelling","year":"2002","author":"Congdon P.","key":"atypb11"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb12","DOI":"10.1002\/0470867159"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb13","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429258480"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3447-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb15","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(82)90026-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb16","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980815\/30)17:15\/16<1779::AID-SIM979>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"volume-title":"Hierarchical linear models","year":"1992","author":"Bryk AS","key":"atypb17"},{"volume-title":"Multilevel statistical models","year":"1995","author":"Goldstein H.","key":"atypb18"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb19","DOI":"10.2307\/2533433"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb20","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2002.04991.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb21","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780090808"},{"volume-title":"Multilevel analysis","year":"1999","author":"Snijders T","key":"atypb22"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.1999.00117.x"},{"volume-title":"Bayes and empirical Bayes methods for data analysis","year":"1996","author":"Carlin BP","key":"atypb24"},{"volume-title":"Kendall\u2019s advanced theory of statistics","year":"1994","author":"O\u2019Hagan A.","key":"atypb25"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb26","DOI":"10.1002\/0471249688"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb27","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929408831454"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb28","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/54.1-2.167"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x","volume":"42","author":"McCullagh P.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B-Statistical Methodology"},{"key":"atypb30","first-page":"205","volume":"39","author":"Peterson B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Applied Statistics-Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb31","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.6.1323"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb32","DOI":"10.1191\/0962280202sm271ra"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb33","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(96)01720-8"},{"volume-title":"Fitting nonlinear mixed models with the new NLMIXED procedure","year":"1999","author":"Northeast SAS Users Group","key":"atypb34"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb35","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4036(200010)42:6<677::AID-BIMJ677>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb36","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210223271701"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb37","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00353"},{"unstructured":"Smith B. BOA (Bayesian Output Analysis) 1.0.1. 2003                 (http:\/\/www.public-health.uiowa.edu\/boa\/) accessed March 2005","key":"atypb38"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb39","DOI":"10.2307\/1270037"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb40","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"unstructured":"Hayat M. BUGtoSAS 2002. (http:\/\/www.mcw.edu\/pcor\/bugs) accessed                 March 2005","key":"atypb42"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"atypb43","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000000458"},{"volume-title":"Markov Chain Monte Carlo in practice","year":"1996","author":"Gilks WR","key":"atypb44"},{"key":"atypb45","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Bayesian biostatistics","author":"Raftery AE","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Statistical Methods in Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T06:33:44Z","timestamp":1740810824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0962280205sm400oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-2802","1477-0334"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0962-2802"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1477-0334"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]}}}