{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:40:54Z","timestamp":1792024854977,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Stat Methods Med Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Similarity measures quantify resemblance between pairs of items when each consists of a pattern of two-state (eg, presence versus absence) variables. Numerous similarity measures, many of which are straightforward to calculate and interpret, have been developed and characterized. Methods for testing if items within a specified cluster are significantly more similar to each other than to items outside the cluster have not been extensively developed for binary responses, but a permutation test procedure using a measure of distinctness is available to do this. We compare three well known similarity measures, the Dice, Jaccard and simple matching coefficients, with the more complex tripartite T similarity index recently proposed by Tulloss. Each measure is used in significance tests of whether hypothesized subsets of items are legitimately grouped for resemblance. Theoretically derived measures reflecting diverse scenarios found in medical research and data from neuropsychological research illustrate the methods. Results for the tripartite T measure were comparable to the other methods in some settings, and essentially the same as the Dice coefficient overall when compared theoretically and on the same clinical data. Some shortcomings with the Tulloss algorithm were found and limit the usefulness of the tripartite T index in medical applications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,4]],"date-time":"2006-05-04T23:21:44Z","timestamp":1146784904000},"page":"285-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Significance testing of a cluster of multivariate binary variables:                 comparison of the tripartite T index to three common similarity measures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Deutsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California                         San Diego, San Diego, CA USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Cherner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego,                         CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego and                         Veteran\u2019s Affairs Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2984124"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"The design of experiments","author":"Fisher RA.","year":"1966"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Sokal RR                 ,                      Rohlf FJ. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological                 research (Third edition)                      WH Freeman & Co                 , 1995: 806-808."},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Anderberg MR. Cluster analysis for applications.                      Academic Press                 , 1973: 89-90."},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"http:\/\/crrm.u-3mrs.fr\/commercial\/software\/dataview\/appendix.html.                 Accessed 22 January 2004."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-185X.1982.tb00376.x"},{"key":"atypb7","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Measuring and monitoring miological diversity. Standard methods for amphibians","author":"Hayek LAC.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"165","volume":"24","author":"Birks HJB.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annales Zoologici Fennici"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10119"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10119"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Principles of numerical taxonomy","author":"Sokal RR","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01889701"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-48-4-1231"},{"key":"atypb13","first-page":"122","volume-title":"Mycology in sustainable development: expanding concepts, vanishing borders","author":"Tulloss RE.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Tripartite similarity calculator","author":"Tulloss RE","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Tripartite similarity calculator","author":"Tulloss RE","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb16","unstructured":"Sneath PHA                 ,                      Sokal RR. Numerical taxonomy.                      WH Freeman and Company                 , 1973: 129-133."},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704101021"},{"key":"atypb18","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Neuropsychology of HIV infection","author":"Heaton RK","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1932409"},{"issue":"4","key":"atypb20","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"S\u00f8renson T.","year":"1948","journal-title":"Biologiske Skrifter"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Czekanowski J.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Towarzystwo Naukowy Warszawskie, Wydzial 3, Nauk Mathematyka-Fizyki, Prace"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"547","volume":"37","author":"Jaccard P.","year":"1901","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"1409","volume":"38","author":"Sokal RR","year":"1958","journal-title":"University of Kansas Science Bulletin"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"S-PLUS\u00ae 6.1 for Windows, Professional edition, Release 1. Insightful                 Corp: 1988, 2002."}],"container-title":["Statistical Methods in Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1738085176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0962280206sm443oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-2802","1477-0334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-2802","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}