{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T09:59:19Z","timestamp":1774519159539,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate if multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> (cobalamin) deficiency. Methods: We measured serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, plasma folate, serum methylmalonic acid (MMA), plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and also cerebrospinal fluid (C SF) MMA and tHcy in 72 patients with MS and 23 controls. Results: The mean plasma tHcy level was significantly increased in MS patients (11.6 mmol\/L) compared with controls (7.4 mmol\/L) (P =4-0.002). Seven patients showed low serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>levels but only one of them had concomitant high plasma tHcy. None of them showed high serum MMA. Plasma or blood folate levels did not differ between MS patients and controls. We found no significant differences in mean values or frequency of pathological tests of serum B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, serum MMA, mean corpuscular volume (MC V), haemoglobin concentration, C SF tHcy or C SF MMA between patients and healthy subjects. There were no correlations between C SF and serum\/plasma levels of MMA or tHcy. Serum vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>, serum MMA, plasma tHcy, C SF Hcy or C SF MMA were not correlated to disability status, activity of disease, duration of disease or age. Conclusions:The relevance of the increased mean value of plasma tHcy thus seems uncertain and does not indicate functional vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency. We can not, however, exclude the possibility of a genetically induced dysfunction of the homocysteine metabolism relevant for the development of neuroinflammation\/degeneration. O ur findings indicate that, regardless of a significant increase in plasma tHcy in MS patients, the MS disease is not generally associated with vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency since we did not find any other factors indicating vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency. A nalysis of C SF MMA and C SF tHcy, which probably reflects the brain vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> status better than serum, are not warranted in MS. We conclude that B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency, in general, is not associated with MS. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms918oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,20]],"date-time":"2003-05-20T22:34:08Z","timestamp":1053470048000},"page":"239-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Increased plasma homocysteine levels without signs of vitamin B12 deficiency                 in patients with multiple sclerosis assessed by blood and cerebrospinal fluid                 homocysteine and methylmalonic acid"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Vrethem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Divisions of Neurology and                         Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Internal Medicine,University                         Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Hebelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Internal Medicine,University                         Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Leerbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Internal Medicine,University                         Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"\u00d6sterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurology, Motala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A-M","family":"Landtblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Divisions of Neurology and                         Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Balla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurology, Anesthesiology Clinic, Motala Hospital, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurology, Norrk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hultgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurology, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Brattstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Neurology, Kalmar Hospitals, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"K\u00e5gedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Clinical Chemistry, University                         Hospital, Link\u00f6ping, 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