{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:27:30Z","timestamp":1789694850705,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mult Scler"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Although multiple sclerosis (MS) frequently involves the optic nerves, imaging this structure is not yet performed routinely in clinical practice. The recent improvement of magnetic resonance (MR) technology and the development of new MR strategies, capable of providing an, in vivo, overall assessment of MS pathology has allowed objective metrics to be obtained for monitoring disease evolution, essentially in the brain. However, despite this progress, the correlation between brain MR metrics of the disease and clinical disability are still disappointing. An objective and accurate estimate of the presence and extent of optic nerve involvement might help to overcome this clinical\/MRI paradox. This review summarizes the main results obtained from the application of conventional and modern MR-based techniques for the evaluation of optic nerve damage in MS. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1213oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,20]],"date-time":"2005-08-20T21:32:16Z","timestamp":1124573536000},"page":"537-541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Imaging the optic nerve in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"M A","family":"Rocca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale                         San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute                         and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S J","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of                         Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"B\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, MS Center for Research and Treatment, VU                         University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and National                         Competence Center for MS, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University                         Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Agosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale                         San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute                         and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D H","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NMR Research Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of                         Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Comi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San                         Raffaele, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale                         San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, Department of Neurology, Scientific Institute                         and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00408-3"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.26.6_Part_2.26"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.3109\/01658108308997307","volume":"3","author":"Toussaint D","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Clin Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"217","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Lumdsen CE.","year":"1970"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Cruveilhier J. 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