{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:04:57Z","timestamp":1791324297831,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Trials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One feature of the Bayesian approach is that it provides methods for synthesizing what is known about a question of interest and provides a formalism based on the laws of probability for incorporating this auxiliary knowledge into the planning and the analysis of the next study. In this comment, we use elements of the Goodman-Sladky case study to illustrate (1) the use of Bayesian methods to quantify historical information about an intervention through the specification of a prior distribution, (2) an approach to the analysis of the sensitivity of the conclusions of a Bayesian analysis to the specification of the prior distribution, and (3) we comment on the role of research synthesis for combining information about an intervention from different data sources as a tool to help summarize evidence about the intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,24]],"date-time":"2005-08-24T01:12:29Z","timestamp":1124845949000},"page":"311-318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Using prior distributions to synthesize historical evidence: comments on the Goodman\u2013Sladky case study of IVIg in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Joel B","family":"Greenhouse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard","family":"Seltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204233261705"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09095-2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012386"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Bayesian approaches to clinical trials and health-care evaluation","author":"Spiegelhalter DJ","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/68.1.311"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0044139"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780141210"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.779"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"181","volume":"45","author":"Huber PJ.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Bull. Int. Statist Inst"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Robustness in Bayesian statistics","author":"Berger J.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176349933"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1991.10475139"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Combining information: statistical issues and opportunities for research","author":"Gaver DP","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1983.10477968"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1165129"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20001230)19:24<3359::AID-SIM710>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Meta-analysis by the confidence profile method","author":"Eddy DM","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462300004694"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Cross-design synthesis: a new strategy for medical effectiveness research","author":"General Accounting Office","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb20","first-page":"955","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of biostatistics","author":"Greenhouse SW","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"240","volume":"64","author":"Cornfield J.","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am J Mental Defic"}],"container-title":["Clinical Trials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:28:26Z","timestamp":1777397306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1740774505cn095oa","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-7745","1740-7753"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-7745","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-7753","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}}}