{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:51:04Z","timestamp":1747194664783,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The introduction of new legislation in 2006 brought about changes to the way citizenship applications were considered in the UK. Over the intervening years, several hundred children born in the UK have been denied British citizenship as a result of changes to the \u2018good character\u2019 requirement in the legislation \u2013 namely its extension to cover all those aged 10 years or older applying for citizenship, including individuals who were born in the UK. As a result of the formulaic way in which this requirement is assessed, citizenship can be denied on the basis of historical patterns of behaviour or offending from childhood. This article will consider whether the current approach to assessment of character in the context of applications for British citizenship is meaningful or appropriate, given developments in our understanding of normative psychological and neurological development and also the impact of psychosocial adversity, trauma, and broader psychopathological or neurodevelopmental conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2024.60","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T06:17:38Z","timestamp":1723616258000},"page":"118-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Good character: the implications of personality development and psychopathology for citizenship"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-3850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Attard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solange","family":"Valdez-Symonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Valdez-Symonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Iles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Maclennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00997.x"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref2","unstructured":"2 Bolt, D. A Short Inspection of the Home Office's Application of the Good Character Requirement in the Case of Young Persons who Apply for Registration as British Citizens, Independent Chief Inspector of Borders and Immigration. TSO, 2017."},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref6","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud","volume":"14","author":"Freud","year":"1953"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409000406"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-criminol-032317-092112"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.01.011"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203241"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.1.1"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290056009"},{"volume-title":"The Diseases of Personality","year":"1898","author":"Ribot","key":"S2056469424000603_ref5"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1337-5"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref3","unstructured":"3 Mohdin, A . Children as young as 10 denied UK citizenship for failing \u2018good character\u2019 test. Guardian, 21 Sep 2018."},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref4","unstructured":"4 Government Response to the Fifth Report from the Joint Committee on Human Rights, Session 2017-19: Proposal for a Draft British Nationality Act 1981 (Remedial) Order 2018 - January 2019. Home Office, 2019."},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref7","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Love, Guilt and Reparation","author":"Klein","year":"1927"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.654026"},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref1","unstructured":"1 Nationality: Good Character Requirement (version 2.0). Home Office, 2020."},{"key":"S2056469424000603_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2009.23.3.258"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056469424000603","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T09:12:38Z","timestamp":1745313158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056469424000603\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056469424000603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjb.2024.60","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4694","2056-4708"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2056-4694"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2056-4708"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}