{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:08:59Z","timestamp":1789049339903,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych Bull"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056469424000706_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims and method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Functional neurological disorder (FND) most often presents in women of childbearing age, but little is known about its course and outcomes during pregnancy, labour and postpartum (the perinatal period). We searched MEDLINE, PsycInfo and Embase combining search terms for FND and the perinatal period. We extracted data on patient demographics, subtype of FND, timing of symptom onset, comorbidities, medications, type of delivery, investigations, treatment, pregnancy outcomes and FND symptoms at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056469424000706_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 36 studies (34 case reports and 2 case series) describing 43 patients. Six subtypes of FND were identified: functional (dissociative) seizures, motor weakness, movement disorder, dissociative amnesia, speech disorders and visual symptoms. New onset of perinatal FND was more common in the third trimester and onwards. Some women with functional seizures were exposed to unnecessary anti-seizure prescriptions and intensive care admissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056469424000706_sec_a3\">\n                    <jats:title>Clinical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective studies are urgently needed to explore how FND interacts with women's health in the perinatal period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2024.70","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T04:23:24Z","timestamp":1728620604000},"page":"401-411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Functional neurological disorder in pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-7681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Cabreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caoimhe","family":"McLoughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Shivji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's Hospitals and University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne Van","family":"Rhijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West London NHS Trust"},{"name":"Imperial College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4434-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roxanne C.","family":"Keynejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Coebergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George's Hospitals and University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Carson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Lehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Hoeritzauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref44","unstructured":"44 Ehsan, B , Reza, SS Alireza, A B. Postpartum conversion disorder after vaginal delivery under epidural analgesia. Iran J Anaesthesiol Crit Care 2020; 43: 60\u20135."},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref64","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes for women with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and epilepsy","author":"Fertig","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Epilepsy Society"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321926"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref57","first-page":"521","article-title":"Acute stress and depression 3 days after vaginal delivery \u2013 observational, comparative study","volume":"33","author":"Imsiragi\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1958-0633","article-title":"Preventive approaches in women's neurology: prepartum, pregnancy, and postpartum","volume":"42","author":"Kirkpatrick L","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref53","first-page":"719","article-title":"[Hysteric amaurosis in pregnancy]","volume":"13","author":"Muth","year":"1953","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref36","first-page":"239","article-title":"Hysterical contracture complicating hemiplegia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, activated in pregnancy","volume":"114","author":"Pryse-Phillips","year":"1965","journal-title":"Guys Hosp Rep"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.046"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314408"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)09164-3"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref17","unstructured":"17 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health: Clinical Management and Service Guidance (updated 2020) (Clinical Guideline CG192). NICE, 2024."},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.3.204"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref46","article-title":"Atypical presentation of psychogenic movement disorder with jaw-opening dystonia: two cases reports","volume":"31","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30051-8"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref27","first-page":"930","article-title":"Functional neurological disorder during the perinatal period: a case report","volume":"76","author":"Samuel Kanniah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref31","article-title":"A case of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, unresponsive type, in pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Devireddy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2011.626092"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref33","article-title":"Sudden loss of consciousness during labour]","volume":"160","author":"van Genugten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-328462"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(97)00189-3"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2015.02.005"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref16","unstructured":"16 Knight, M , Bunch, K , Felker, A , Patel, R , Kotnis, R , Kenyon, S , et al. (eds) on behalf of MBRRACE-UK. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers' Care: Lessons Learned to Inform Maternity Care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2019\u201321. National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, 2023."},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2009.07.007"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2019.05.013"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref19","article-title":"Functional neurological disorder and pregnancy","author":"Lodge","year":"2022","journal-title":"4th International Conference on Functional Neurological Disorders (Boston, MA, 19\u201321 June 2022). Functional Neurological Disorders Society,"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.009"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2012.03.014"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws129"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp220"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15892"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2009.01069.x"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610600986953"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000659"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12364"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2013.01.006"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.11.016"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o64"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-9356(09)70400-1"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20769"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jaap.2010.38.1.117"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref23","first-page":"439","article-title":"A 19-year-old woman, four months\u2019 pregnant and with a history of headache","volume":"17","author":"Caruso","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref22","first-page":"358","article-title":"A case of hysterical fit during pregnancy simulating eclampsia","volume":"47","author":"Banerjee","year":"1950","journal-title":"Calcutta Med J"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref34","first-page":"300","article-title":"27-year-old woman \u2022 postpartum seizures \u2022 PTSD \u2022 history of depression \u2022 Dx?","volume":"70","author":"Herr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18010021"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref50","article-title":"Postpartum dissociative amnesia","volume":"43","author":"Dogan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Perinatal Med"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10943-6"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2006.11.012"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200001000-00025"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19050109"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.120"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref51","first-page":"599","article-title":"[Dissociative fugue in a maternity ward patient \u2013 a case report]","volume":"45","author":"Za\u0142uska","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiat Polska"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref49","first-page":"119","article-title":"Dissociative amnesia related to pregnancy","volume":"10","author":"Tharoor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ger J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref47","first-page":"706","article-title":"Foreign accent syndrome in the perinatal period \u2013 a case study","volume":"22","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Womens Ment Health"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15390-1"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.12.008"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059414566880"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref20","first-page":"61","article-title":"Pseudolabor: a new conversion disorder subtype? A case presentation and literature review","volume":"6","author":"Lyman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.encep.2023.06.004"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2012.07.023"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aat.2012.07.003"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.01.017"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref30","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in a second-trimester pregnant woman with a previous child loss","volume":"15","author":"Jain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref52","first-page":"285","article-title":"[Voluntary changes of visual evoked potentials in cases with hysteria and\/or simulation]","volume":"24","author":"Manresa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00422-1"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.10070"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330192","article-title":"Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue.","volume":"94","author":"Caoimhe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref45","article-title":"Psychogenic abdominal myoclonus in pregnancy: case report","volume":"32","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2012.721397"},{"key":"S2056469424000706_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/751648"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2026.10263","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]],"date-time":"2024-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728604800000}}],"container-title":["BJPsych Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056469424000706","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:03:31Z","timestamp":1786442611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056469424000706\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2056469424000706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjb.2024.70","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4694","2056-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4694","type":"print"},{"value":"2056-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained prior to any commercial use.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}