{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:01:28Z","timestamp":1785474088469,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych Bull"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Franz Kafka has often been posthumously diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, but recent research impels a re-evaluation of his disordered eating. This study presents a qualitative analysis of Kafka\u2019s diaries, correspondence, medical reports and fiction, focusing on appetite, diet, somatic symptoms, and cognitions concerning food and fasting. Diagnostic indicators are matched against DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa and avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder. Kafka\u2019s clinical profile, which is characterised by diminished appetite, anorexia, selective intake, obsessive mastication, low body weight and undernourishment needing repeated sanatorium admissions, suggests a presentation more consistent with avoidant\/restrictive food intake disorder. These disturbances are reflected in his fiction, in which food operates as a symbolic register of alienation, ontological anxiety and existential resistance, most notably in\n                    <jats:italic>The Metamorphosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>A Hunger Artist.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Integration of medical and literary perspectives demonstrates the clinical value of phenomenological evidence in capturing lived experience of eating disorders, enriching diagnostic insight by foregrounding cognitive, psychosocial and cultural contexts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2026.10273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:57:17Z","timestamp":1785473837000},"page":"1-4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Franz Kafka: the hunger artist"],"prefix":"10.1192","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1507-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Ratna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01jgmvf05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"North London NHS Foundation Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113705"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref5","volume-title":"Letters to Friends, Family, and Editors","author":"Kafka","year":"1977"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.02.016"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref25","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041127"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1756-1183.2006.tb00048.x"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref26","volume-title":"The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910\u20131923","author":"Kafka","year":"1949"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198705)6:3<367::AID-EAT2260060306>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref14","volume-title":"Kafka: The Early Years","author":"Stach","year":"2017"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref29","volume-title":"Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature","author":"Deleuze","year":"1986"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref23","first-page":"38","volume-title":"The Blue Octavo Notebooks","author":"Kafka","year":"1991"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref9","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref11","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref18","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref24","volume-title":"Hunger","author":"Hamsun","year":"1890"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref12","volume-title":"Metamorphosis","author":"Kafka","year":"2009"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2019.08.001"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref10","volume-title":"The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910\u20131923","author":"Kafka","year":"1949"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref20","volume-title":"Franz Kafka: The Jewish Patient","author":"Gilman","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref8","volume-title":"Letter to My Father","author":"Kafka","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref28","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5325\/style.48.3.0331"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref6","volume-title":"The Diaries of Franz Kafka 1910\u20131923","author":"Kafka","year":"1949"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref17","volume-title":"Franz Kafka","author":"Gilman","year":"2005"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref27","volume-title":"Letters to Felice","author":"Kafka","year":"1973"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-024-01021-z"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref22","volume-title":"A Hunger Artist","author":"Kafka","year":"1996"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23630"},{"key":"S2056469426102733_ref15","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Disorderly Eaters: Texts in Self-empowerment","author":"Medeiros","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S2056469426102733","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:57:20Z","timestamp":1785473840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S2056469426102733\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S2056469426102733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjb.2026.10273","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4694","2056-4708"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4694","type":"print"},{"value":"2056-4708","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"\u00a9 The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}