{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:37:33Z","timestamp":1770453453813,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533168000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although many studies suggest that religiosity is a protective factor against drug use, there is little information on its effect on drug consumption patterns of those who do use drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a3\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to examine if there is any relationship between religiosity during childhood and adolescence, and drug consumption in adult crack users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional study of adults addicted to crack cocaine. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for the association between religious history in the age groups 8\u201311, 12\u201314 and 15\u201317 years and outcome variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a total of 531 respondents, religious involvement during childhood and adolescence was correlated to less frequent onset of drug consumption before 18 years (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.92\u20130.98) and less craving (odds ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91\u20130.99), mainly between the ages of 15 and 17 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a7\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Religiosity provides some protection against drug consumption patterns in crack cocaine addicts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S205647241800025X_sec_a8\"><jats:title>Declaration of interest<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2018.25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]],"date-time":"2018-08-02T10:15:18Z","timestamp":1533204918000},"page":"324-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The effect of religiosity during childhood and adolescence on drug consumption patterns in adults addicted to crack cocaine"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Rezende-Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Moreira-Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Homero","family":"Vallada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2011.03.008"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802183288"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-089X(03)00027-9"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000088577"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-60832010000500002"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070802218844"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101999000200012"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref13","volume-title":"Handbook of Religion and Health","author":"Koenig","year":"2012"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.10.019"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref1","volume-title":"World Drug Report","year":"2015"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref21","author":"Bastos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pesquisa Nacional Sobre o Uso de Crack: Quem S\u00e3o os Usu\u00e1rios de Crack e\/ou Similares do Brasil? Quantos S\u00e3o Nas Capitais Brasileiras?"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.6.885b","article-title":"Religion index for psychiatric research: a 5-item measure for use in health outcomes studies","volume":"154","author":"Koenig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00804.x"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref26","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref2","volume-title":"European Drug Report. Trends and Developments","year":"2015"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1168-0"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-010-9429-5"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.6.674"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdv148"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-8525.2006.00042.x"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2011.08.010"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1202"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001600007"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10121823"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-013-9691-4"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0124-3"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200009000-00004"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462004000200004"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-44462000000300003"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/QP75-P9AR-NUVJ-FJCB"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.022"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00095-2"},{"key":"S205647241800025X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01939.x"}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S205647241800025X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T20:46:58Z","timestamp":1555188418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S205647241800025X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S205647241800025X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2018.25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,2]]}}}