{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:40:02Z","timestamp":1773294002399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551657600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a1\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), an umbrella term that includes PANDAS (paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) is suggested to be a psychiatric disorder of autoimmune aetiology. PANS is characterised by an acute onset of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder or restricted eating with multiple comorbid symptoms. The specificity of the PANS criteria is not fully understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a2\"><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a cohort of patients with PANS and to determine if PANS features relating to symptoms, onset and course are more common in PANS than in other psychiatric conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study comparing patients with interview-confirmed PANS with patients with suspected PANS and patients with a psychiatric condition but with no suspicion of PANS. Validated and non-validated measures of symptoms, onset and episodic course were used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Illness in patients with interview-confirmed PANS featured an episodic course and multiple symptoms present at onset compared with the psychiatric controls. However, individuals with interview-confirmed PANS did not present a specific symptom profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PANS may be a distinct clinical entity featuring an acute onset, an episodic course and multiple symptoms at onset.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000103_sec_a6\"><jats:title>Declaration of interest<\/jats:title><jats:p>None.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1551696556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Clinical features of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: findings from a case\u2013 control study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2205-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Hesselmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-6075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Bejerot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2011.07.012"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref22","volume-title":"Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition Manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"1991"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref17","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120499"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7412"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm892"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref10","volume-title":"PANS and PANDAS Diagnosis and Treatment","year":"2016"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0139"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0081"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0148"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0084"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0665.1000113"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","article-title":"Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases","volume":"155","author":"Swedo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref20","volume-title":"ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology \u2014Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76-338)","author":"Guy","year":"1976"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.079"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref21","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale\u2014Fourth Edition Administration and Scoring Manual","author":"Wechsler","year":"2008"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.09m05305whi"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2016.0193"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2014.0062"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.09.002"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.04.035"},{"key":"S2056472419000103_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cox CJ , Zuccolo AJ , Edwards EV , Mascaro-Blanco A , Alvarez K , Stoner J , Antineuronal antibodies in a heterogeneous group of youth and young adults with tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 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