{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:52:36Z","timestamp":1787064756906,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established as a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms and family history of a transdiagnostic range of severe mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, has not been examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to test whether non-severe mood disorders and severe mood and psychotic disorders in parents is associated with increased basic symptoms in their biological offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured basic symptoms using the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument \u2013 Child and Youth Version in 332 youth aged 8\u201326 years, including 93 offspring of control parents, 92 offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders, and 147 offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders. We tested the relationships between parent mental illness and offspring basic symptoms in mixed-effects linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.69, 95% CI 0.22\u20131.16,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) or illness with psychotic features (\n                      <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.68, 95% CI 0.09\u20131.27,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.023) had significantly higher basic symptom scores than control offspring. Offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders reported intermediate levels of basic symptoms, that did not significantly differ from control offspring.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basic symptoms during childhood are a marker of familial risk of psychopathology that is related to severity and is not specific to psychotic illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472419000401_sec_a6\">\n                    <jats:title>Declaration of interest<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2019.40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T08:57:34Z","timestamp":1560416254000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Basic symptoms in offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alyson","family":"Zwicker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn E.","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Drobinin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Howes Vallis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria 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