{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:03:09Z","timestamp":1792119789213,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472420001027_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected people with intellectual disability disproportionately. Existing data does not provide enough information to understand factors associated with increased deaths in those with intellectual disability. Establishing who is at high risk is important in developing prevention strategies, given risk factors or comorbidities in people with intellectual disability may be different to those in the general population.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472420001027_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To identify comorbidities, demographic and clinical factors of those individuals with intellectual disability who have died from COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472420001027_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>An observational descriptive case series looking at deaths because of COVID-19 in people with intellectual disability was conducted. Along with established risk factors observed in the general population, possible specific risk factors and comorbidities in people with intellectual disability for deaths related to COVID-19 were examined. Comparisons between mild and moderate-to-profound intellectual disability subcohorts were undertaken.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472420001027_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Data on 66 deaths in individuals with intellectual disability were analysed. This group was younger (mean age 64 years) compared with the age of death in the general population because of COVID-19. High rates of moderate-to-profound intellectual disability (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 43), epilepsy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29), mental illness (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29), dysphagia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 23), Down syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 20) and dementia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15) were observed.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472420001027_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This is the first study exploring associations between possible risk factors and comorbidities found in COVID-19 deaths in people with intellectual disability. Our data provides insight into possible factors for deaths in people with intellectual disability. Some of the factors varied between the mild and moderate-to-profound intellectual disability groups. This highlights an urgent need for further systemic inquiry and study of the possible cumulative impact of these factors and comorbidities given the possibility of COVID-19 resurgence.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T07:21:51Z","timestamp":1602832911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["COVID-19 deaths in people with intellectual disability in the UK and Ireland: descriptive study"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9316-9312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhathika","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-343X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Laugharne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Zabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Branford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Courtanay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3554-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regi","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Purandare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anusha","family":"Wijeratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishwa","family":"Radhakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youshan","family":"Daureeawoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indermeet","family":"Sawhney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Scheepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472420001027_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018292"},{"key":"S2056472420001027_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jppi.12352"},{"key":"S2056472420001027_ref13","volume-title":"Building the Right Support","year":"2015"},{"key":"S2056472420001027_ref20","unstructured":"20 Public Health England. 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Good Psychiatric Practice CR206 - Prescribing Anti-epileptic Drugs for People with Epilepsy and Intellectual Disability. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e123"}}