{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:49:39Z","timestamp":1790934579174,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S205647242000068X_sec_a1\" sec-type=\"other\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Subjective cognitive difficulties are common in mental illness and have a negative impact on role functioning. Little is understood about subjective cognition and the longitudinal relationship with depression and anxiety symptoms in young people.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242000068X_sec_a2\" sec-type=\"other\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between changes in levels of depression and anxiety and changes in subjective cognitive functioning over 3 months in help-seeking youth.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242000068X_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>This was a cohort study of 656 youth aged 12\u201325 years attending Australian <jats:italic>headspace<\/jats:italic> primary mental health services. Subjective changes in cognitive functioning (rated as better, same, worse) reported after 3 months of treatment was assessed using the Neuropsychological Symptom Self-Report. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of baseline levels of and changes in depression (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ9) and anxiety symptoms (seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD7) on changes in subjective cognitive function at follow-up while controlling for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242000068X_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>With a one-point reduction in PHQ9 at follow-up, there was an estimated 11\u201318% increase in ratings of better subjective cognitive functioning at follow-up, relative to stable cognitive functioning. A one-point increase in PHQ9 from baseline to follow-up was associated with 7\u201314% increase in ratings of worse subjective cognitive functioning over 3 months, relative to stable cognitive functioning. A similar attenuated pattern of findings was observed for the GAD7.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S205647242000068X_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A clear association exists between subjective cognitive functioning outcomes and changes in self-reported severity of affective symptoms in young people over the first 3 months of treatment. Understanding the timing and mechanisms of these associations is needed to tailor treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.68","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T05:04:31Z","timestamp":1596603871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Subjective cognitive functioning in relation to changes in levels of depression and anxiety in youth over 3 months of treatment"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0640-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Allott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Hetrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate M.","family":"Filia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana M.","family":"Menssink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian B.","family":"Hickie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Herrman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra J.","family":"Rickwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra G.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick D.","family":"Mcgorry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue M.","family":"Cotton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7283-1-8"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9373-9"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.07.039"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.15.1.98"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja14.01696"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610217001119"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref28","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.05.004"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12740"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.11235"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.10.004"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01342.x"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S136343"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2197-1"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2018.11.1104"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12760"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796018000744"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704104153","article-title":"Memory and attention performance in psychiatric patients: lack of correspondence between clinician-rated and patient-rated functioning with neuropsychological test results","volume":"10","author":"Moritz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291710001911"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.031"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083774"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(93)90058-C"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.05.022"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2005.04.001"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.014"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2012.658862"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.10.059"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.527"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2016.1250620"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref12","first-page":"17","article-title":"Perceived sleep quality predicts cognitive function in adults with major depressive disorder independent of depression severity","volume":"31","author":"Cha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12945"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12226"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.05.006"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04353-w"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.07.064"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.12.105"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901713010185"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01285.x"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170060"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.05.054"},{"key":"S205647242000068X_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.06.004"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.101","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596585600000}}],"container-title":["BJPsych Open"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S205647242000068X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T05:04:35Z","timestamp":1596603875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S205647242000068X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S205647242000068X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjo.2020.68","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.101","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2056-4724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2056-4724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 The Author(s) 2020","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e84"}}