{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T03:32:35Z","timestamp":1774323155084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000836","name":"University of Liverpool","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-19 ODA Rapid Response Funding"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 ODA Rapid Response Funding"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010097_sec_a1\">\n\t    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Mental disorders are currently the greatest global health burden. The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having an adverse impact on people's mental health, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as refugees.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010097_sec_a2\">\n\t    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>The present study was designed to examine the association between COVID-19 and changes in mental health in Syrian refugees in Turkey.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010097_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n\t    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>We conducted a two-wave panel survey of a representative sample of 302 of the estimated 500 000 Syrian refugees (ages 18 and older) living under humanitarian support in Istanbul (first wave between 9 and 15 July 2020 and the follow-up between 11 and 14 September 2020). We administered seven items from the CoRonavIruS Health Impact Survey in addition to one-context specific item about life changes because of COVID-19, and measures of depression (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Study Depression Scale, CESD-10), anxiety (6-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI-6) and perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale, PSS-4).<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010097_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n\t    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>A factor analysis yielded three COVID-19 factors, labelled \u2018social relationships\u2019, \u2018stress\u2019 and \u2018hope.\u2019 We conducted a series of cross-lag panel analyses to test associations between the COVID-19 factors and mental health. We found associations between all COVID-19 factors and CESD-10, between COVID-19 \u2018stress\u2019 and STAI-6, and between COVID-19 \u2018stress\u2019 and COVID-19 \u2018hope\u2019 and PSS-4.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>\n\t  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010097_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n\t    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n\t    <jats:p>Our measures of life changes because of the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with changes in the mental health of Syrian refugees living in Istanbul. It is therefore important that they are provided with services to reduce what may be particularly debilitating consequences of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n\t  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.1009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T07:04:18Z","timestamp":1633071858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of COVID-19-related life changes on mental health in Syrian refugees in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5875-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian H.","family":"Gotlib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Zihnio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"170","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref11","volume-title":"Temporary Protection","year":"2021"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref16","volume-title":"Syrian Barometer 2019: A Framework for Achieving Social Cohesion with Syrians in Turkey","author":"Erdo\u011fan","year":"2020"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21673\/anadoluklin.375762"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref42","unstructured":"42 Berger-Schmitt, R . Social Cohesion as an Aspect of the Quality of Societies: Concept and Measurement. (EuReporting Working Paper No 14). Mannheim, 2000."},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref48","volume-title":"EU Considers 3.5 bln Euro Migrant Funding for Turkey, Diplomats Say","author":"Emmott","year":"2021"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027127"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244347"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14091036"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.109"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00393"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30462-4"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1302"},{"key":"S2056472421010097_ref25","first-page":"511","article-title":"Mental health support in Jordan for the general population and for the refugees in the Zaatari camp during the period of COVID-19 lockdown. 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e182"}}