{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:07:29Z","timestamp":1792087649160,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Royal College of Psychiatrists","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJPsych open"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010139_sec_a1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Refugees and asylum seekers often report having experienced numerous complex traumas. It is important to understand the prevalence of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), which can follow complex traumas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010139_sec_a2\">\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aims to summarise the available literature reporting the prevalence in refugees and asylum seekers of three operationalised definitions of CPTSD: the ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, the ICD-10 criteria (for enduring personality change after catastrophic experience) and the DSM-IV criteria (for disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010139_sec_a3\" sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six electronic databases were searched for studies reporting the prevalence of CPTSD in adult refugee and\/or asylum-seeking samples. Owing to heterogeneity between the studies, a narrative synthesis approach was used to summarise studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. This systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020188422,\n                      <jats:uri xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=188422\">https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=188422<\/jats:uri>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010139_sec_a4\" sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic searches identified 15 eligible studies, with 10 examining treatment-seeking samples and five using population samples. CPTSD prevalence in treatment-seeking samples was between 16 and 38%. Prevalence in population samples ranged from 2.2 to 9.3% in four studies, with the fifth reporting a much higher estimate (50.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"S2056472421010139_sec_a5\" sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review highlights both the high prevalence of CPTSD in treatment samples and the lack of research aiming to establish prevalence of CPTSD in refugee and asylum-seeking populations. Understanding the prevalence of these disabling disorders has implications for policy and healthcare services for the appropriate promotion, planning and provision of suitable treatment and interventions for this highly traumatised population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2021.1013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T08:01:49Z","timestamp":1634630509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Prevalence of complex post-traumatic stress disorder in refugees and asylum seekers: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1192","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9395-9717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umanga","family":"de 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Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Royal College of Psychiatrists","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"e194"}}